多普勒雷达产品在山区防雹中的应用

Application of Doppler Radar Products in Hail Suppression in Mountainous Areas

根据建始其近5年多普勒天气雷达冰雹数据资料,总结出冰雹天气在建始发生的时间、空间分布规律以及雷达技术指标,为冰雹预报、预警及人影作业提供参考资料。研究结果表明:(1)建始冰雹多发生于春、夏两季,春季主要发生在3、4月,夏季主要发生在7中旬至8月上旬;(2)建始冰雹受地形影响比较明显,受巫山山脉和武夷山脉、清江及中、小条河流的共同影响,形成了几个大的明显的山谷、河谷,这些山谷、河谷在春、夏成了比较固定的冰雹路径及落区;(3)春季冰雹和夏季冰雹其雷达特征有明显的不同;(4)通过对2013—2018年建始多普勒雷达冰雹天气产品资料以和实际冰雹情况资料分析,得出建始冰雹技术指标:当冰雹开始发展时,反射因子(R)≥40 dBz,组合反射率因子(CR)≥45 dBz,夏季降冰雹之前,6~15 min内垂直液态水含量VIL值将会有一个明显的“跃增”变化,一般增至30 kg/m2以上,春季降雹时(CR)≥45 dBz,夏季降雹时(CR)≥55 dBz;(5)利用雷达指挥人影作业时,当CR≥45 dBz,且45 dBz面积逐渐增大、增强时,应该向作业点发出预警。

According to Jianshi's Doppler weather radar hail data in the past five years,the time and spatial distribution rules of hail weather occurring at the beginning of the construction and the radar technical indicators are summarized to provide reference materials for hail forecast,early warning and shadow operations.The results of the study showed that:(1)Hail at the beginning of the construction period mostly occurred in spring and summer,spring mainly occurred in March and April,and the summer mainly occurred from mid-July to early August;(2)the hail at the beginning of the construction period was significantly affected by the terrain,The combined influence of the Wushan Mountains and the Wuyi Mountains,Qingjiang River and the middle and small rivers has formed several large and obvious valleys and river valleys.These valleys and river valleys become relatively fixed hail paths and falling areas in spring and summer;(3)The radar characteristics of spring hail and summer hail are obviously different;(4)Through the analysis of the Doppler radar hail weather product data from 2013 to 2018 and the actual hail situation data,the technical indicators of the beginning of the hail:when the hail starts During development,the reflection factor(R)is greater than or equal to 40 dBz,and the combined reflectance factor(CR)is greater than or equal to 45 dBz.Before hail falls in summer,the vertical liquid water content VIL value will have a significant"jump"change within 6 to 15 minutes.,Generally increase to more than 30 kg/m2,hail in spring(CR)≥45 dBz,hail in summer(CR)≥55 dBz;(5)When using radar to command shadow operations,when CR≥45 dBz,and the area of 45 dBz When gradually increasing or strengthening,an early warning should be given to the operating point.