中国老年人视力损害现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of current status and influencing factors of vision impairment in Chinese seniors

目的了解中国老年人视力损害现状及影响因素,为防治视力损害提供科学依据。方法基于2018年中国老年人健康影响因素调查数据,以65岁及以上的老年人为研究对象,评估研究对象的视力功能。采用SAS 9.4进行χ^(2)检验和加权多因素logistic回归分析。结果共纳入15176名研究对象,平均年龄为(85.1±11.3)岁。我国老年人视力损害的加权患病率为7.69%。加权多因素logistic回归结果显示,高年龄(与65~79岁老年人相比,80~89岁OR=2.27,95%CI:1.92~2.69;90~99岁OR=4.80,95%CI:4.00~5.76;100岁及以上OR=10.28,95%CI:8.46~12.49),职业为农、林、牧、渔业生产人员(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.03~1.62)和无业人员(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.12~4.56),患白内障(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.61~2.59)和青光眼(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.01~2.60)的老年人群患视力损害的风险较高;在婚状态(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.88)、自评经济状况较好(自评经济状况一般OR=0.73,95%CI:0.57~0.93;自评经济富裕OR=0.51,95%CI:0.37~0.70)、高教育程度(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.38~0.92)的老年人患视力损害风险较低,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论视力损害在我国老年人中较为常见,并受到年龄、婚姻状态、经济状况、教育程度、职业特征、白内障和青光眼等因素的影响。针对老年人视力损害的影响因素制定防治策略具有重要意义。

Objective To understand the current status of vision impairment and influencing factors among seniors in China,and to provide the scientific evidence for preventing and treating vision impairment.Methods The data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018 were utilized for this study,and seniors(≥65 years old)served as the subjects.The vision function of subjects was assessed.The χ^(2) test was used to analyze the data,the weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.The used software was SAS 9.4.Results The average age of 15176 subjects included in this study was(85.1±11.3)years old.The weighted morbidity of vision impairment in seniors of China was 7.69%.The weighted multivariate logistic regression showed that the seniors with high age(as compared with seniors 65-79 years old,seniors 80-89 years old OR=2.27,95%CI:1.92-2.69,90-99 years old OR=4.80,95%CI:4.00-5.76,100 years and older OR=10.28,95%CI:8.46-12.49),with jobs of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishery production(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.03-1.62),without job(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.12-4.56),with cataract(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.61-2.59)and glaucoma(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.01-2.60)had the higher risk of vision impairment;the seniors with married status(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61-0.88),better self-rated economical level(general self-rated economical level OR=0.73,95%CI:0.57-0.93;rich self-rated economical level OR=0.51,95%CI:0.37-0.70)and high education level(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.38-0.92)had the lower risk of vision impairment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Vision impairment is prevalent among Chinese seniors,and the vision impairment is associated with age,marital status,economic status,education level,occupation,cataract and glaucoma.It is of great significance to develop prevention and control strategies for vision impairment among seniors.