银川市中学生体质指数、腰围、体脂百分比与血压异常研究

Study on Body Mass Index,Waist Circumference,Body Fat Percentage and Abnormal Blood Pressure of Middle School Students in Yinchuan

目的探讨银川市12~18岁中学生体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)及体脂百分比(percentage of body fat,FMP)与血压异常之间的关系。方法采用现况研究,以方便抽样的方法共抽取银川市城区12~18岁青少年3149例,并通过问卷调查收集调查对象年龄、性别等基本资料;体格检查测量身高、体质量、WC和血压;体成分测量FMP。结果宁夏银川市12~18岁3149例青少年的血压异常检出率为20.5%,12~15岁年龄段学生血压异常检出率(29.2%)高于16~18岁(11.2%)(χ^(2)=137.86,P<0.001);调查对象中,肥胖患者血压异常检出率为48.8%,高于超重(35.3%)和正常人群(16.8%),WC定义的腹型肥胖者其血压异常检出率(45.4%)高于非肥胖人群(21.2%),FMP定义的肥胖患者血压异常检出率(44.3%)高于非肥胖人群(23.1%)(P均<0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整年龄和性别前后,BMI、WC、FMP均可以增加血压异常的患病风险(OR均>1.05),且BMI的影响程度高于WC、FMP(P均<0.001);BMI定义的超重和肥胖者发生血压异常的风险分别是正常体质量的2.69和4.70倍,WC定义的腹型肥胖发生血压异常的风险是非肥胖者的3.08倍,FMP定义的肥胖者发生血压异常的风险均高于非肥胖者(P均<0.001)。结论宁夏银川市12~18岁青少年血压异常情况仍处于较高水平,青春期BMI、WC、FMP的升高均可以增加血压异常的患病风险,其中BMI可能是主要的影响因素。

Objective To explore the association between abnormal blood pressure and body mass index,waist circumference and percentage of body fat among 12 to 18 years old middle school students in Yinchuan.Methods A total of 3149 adolescents aged 12-18 years old in Yinchuan were selected by convenient sampling,and the basic data such as age and sex were collected by questionnaire,and the height,weight,waist circumference and blood pressure were measured by physical examination,body composition measures body fat percentage. Results The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure was 20.5% among 3149 adolescents aged 12 and 18 in Yinchuan,Ningxia. The prevalence of abnormal blood pressure among students aged 12 to 15(29.2%)was higher than that of 16 to 18 years(11.2%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=137.86,P<0.001). In the total population,the detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in obese patients was 48.8%,which was significantly higher than that in overweight(35.3%)and normal people(16.8%). The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in abdominal obese patients(45.4%)was significantly higher than that in non-obese people(21.2%). The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in obese patients(44.3%)was significantly higher than that in non-obese people(23.1%)(P all<0.001). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that before and after adjusting age and sex,BMI,WC and FMP could increase the risk of abnormal blood pressure(OR all≥1.05),and the influence of BMI was higher than that of WC and FMP(P all<0.001). The risk of abnormal blood pressure in overweight and obese people defined by BMI was 2.69 and 4.70 times higher than that in normal weight,respectively. The risk of abnormal blood pressure in abdominal obesity defined by WC was 3.08 times higher than that in non-obese people. The risk of abnormal blood pressure in obese people defined by FMP was higher than that in non-obese people,and the differences were statistically significant(P all<0.001). Conclusion The abnormal blood pressure of 12 to 18 years old adolescents in Yinchuan,Ningxia is still at a high level.The increase of BMI,WC and FMP during puberty can increase the risk of abnormal blood pressure,among which BMI may be the main influencing factor.