不规则抗体的筛查和输血安全性分析

Screening of Irregular Antibodies and Safety Analysis of Blood Transfusion

目的探讨在输血治疗前筛查不规则抗体对于临床输血安全性的影响。方法选取接受输血治疗的1 500例患者进行研究,在输血治疗前对所有患者血清展开不规则抗体筛查,分析患者筛查结果与特异性抗体鉴定结果。结果在1 500例输血治疗患者中,阳性62例患者,阳性率达4.13%,其中产科阳性人数最高有17例,阳性率达27.42%,其次分别为消化内科、血液肿瘤科与重症医学科等;在不规则抗体中Rh系统占比较高,达75.81%,其次为MNS系统19.35%与Lewis系统4.84%。结论在输血治疗前对患者实施不规则抗体筛查与鉴定,结合检测结果为患者选择同种类型的血液进行输注,可有效避免其发生溶血性输血反应的同时,还能提高临床输血安全性与有效性,具有较高应用价值。

Objective To investigate the influence of irregular antibody screening before blood transfusion on the safety of clinical blood transfusion. Methods One thousand and five hundred patients who received blood transfusion were selected for the study. Irregular antibody screening was carried out in all patients before blood transfusion treatment, and the screening results and specific antibody identification results were analyzed. Results In 1 500 cases of blood transfusion therapy, 62 cases were positive, the positive rate was 4.13%, of which 17 cases were positive in obstetrics, the positive rate was 27.42%, followed by gastroenterology, hematology oncology and critical care medicine;among irregular antibodies, Rh system accounted for 75.81%, followed by MNS system 19.35% and Lewis system 4.84%. Conclusion The implementation of irregular antibody screening and identification, combined with the test results for patients with the same type of blood transfusion, can effectively avoid the occurrence of hemolytic transfusion reaction, and can improve the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood transfusion, with high application value.