精神的实现与现实的精神:从黑格尔到马克思

Spirit Realization and Realistic Spirit:From Hegel to Marx

经历了对黑格尔精神实现论的追随和批判之后,在马克思以实践为基石的历史唯物主义视野中,精神成为社会结构的一部分,精神解放成为实践的一个环节。在对资本现代性的总体性批判中,马克思深入批判了感性至上和欲望主宰的现代原则、嵌入精神领域的"抽象统治",以及现代性的"双重虚无"状态。沿着马克思开辟的精神哲学道路,在"现代化·欲望·精神"的整体性框架中,可以从八个相辅相成的环节探寻走出现代性精神困境之路:精神与现代化的沟通互动、生产力容许范围内的精神自由、社会关系决定下人的发展程度、从"异化劳动"到"真正自由的劳动"、以观念变革为核心的内在世界转型、自由时间是人的积极存在、以真正的共同体为空间舞台、精神与欲望协和的境界。

After following and criticizing Hegel’s(黑格尔)theory on spiritual realization,Karl Marx(马克思)regarded spirit as a part of social structure,and spiritual liberation as a link of practice,in his historical materialist vision based on practice.In his overall critique of capital modernity,Marx deeply criticized the modern principles of sensibility supremacy and desire domination,the"abstract rule"embedded in the spiritual realm,and the"dual nihilism"of modernity.Along the path of spiritual philosophy pioneered by Marx,and within the overall framework of"modernization-desire-spirit",we should explore a path to get out of the spiritual dilemma of modernity by means of the following eight complementary links,which are the communication and interaction between spirit and modernization,the spiritual freedom within the permissible range of productivity,the degree of human development determined by social relations,the progress from"alienated labor"to"truly free labor",the transformation of the inner world with the ideological change as the core,the free time taken as the active existence of human beings,the real community taken as the space stage,and the realm of harmony between spirit and desire.