帛书《黄帝四经》的阴阳思想及其思想史地位

Yin-yang Philosophy Found in the Excavated Silk Version of the Inner Canon of Huangdi

马王堆帛书《黄帝四经》将春秋以来的阴阳观念运用于指导社会活动,提出了"四时教令""阴阳刑德""阴阳灾异"和"阳尊阴卑"的重要思想,奠定了黄老道家阴阳思想的理论基础,这四项内容在《管子》和《吕氏春秋》中逐步得到了细化和丰富。从帛书《黄帝四经》经《管子》到《吕氏春秋》,黄老道家的阴阳思想呈现出一条连续的、清晰的、不断推进的发展线索。研究者不能因为其中有浓厚的阴阳思想就简单地把它们看成是只属于阴阳家的思想,因为在邹衍创立阴阳家学派之前,这些思想就作为黄老道家的理论一直在流传和发展。邹衍吸取了黄老道家的阴阳思想,使之成为自己思想体系的有机组成部分。因此说,邹衍创立阴阳家学派,离不开黄老道家阴阳思想的理论贡献。

The Mawangdui version of the Inner Canon of Huangdi shows how yin-yang philosophy was applied to social and political thought since the Spring and Autumn period.It set forth important philosophical tenets that can also be found in various forms in Guanzi and Lv’s Com mentaries of History.Connecting all these works is a very clear thread of yin-yangthought,but we should still understand these works to be primarily Daoist,and not belonging exclusively to the Yinyang School.Even before Zou Yan founded the Yinyang School,the ideas themselves already existed in philosophical discussion.This phenomenon demonstrates the strong relationship between Zou Yan,his Yinyang School,and Daoism.