加冕礼与耶路撒冷王国神授王权的建构

Coronation and the Construction of the Divine Power in the Kingdom of Jerusalem

加冕礼是欧洲君主制国家建构神授世袭王权的定式,是君主神圣性与合法性的象征性来源之一。11世纪,加冕礼随着十字军东征被输入到耶路撒冷王国。通过举行加冕礼,蕴藏于封建王权基因中的"君权神授"和"王位世袭"两大原则被引入到耶路撒冷。借助加冕礼本身所蕴藏的象征意义和它所激发的想象,耶路撒冷王国得以将王权的合法性来源建构为上帝和血统,即神授和世袭,并借此剔除了选举因素的影响,最终完成了由"选举治权"到"神授世袭王权"的建构。

Coronation ceremony was the fixed form for European monarchy to construct hereditary monarchy,and it was one of the symbolic sources of monarchy’s sanctity and legitimacy.In the 11th century,the coronation was introduced into the kingdom of Jerusalem by the Crusaders.Through coronation ceremony,the two principles of"divine right of kings"and"hereditary monarchy"were introduced into Jerusalem.With the help of the symbolic meaning of the coronation itself and the imagination it inspired,the kingdom of Jerusalem was able to construct the legitimacy source of kingship as God and lineage,which was,divine and hereditary,and thus eliminated the influence of electoral factors,and finally completed the construction from"electoral sovereignty"to"divine hereditary monarchy".