融合教育背景下美国教师助手的发展及启示

The Paraeducator Training System in the United States in the Context of Inclusive Education and Its Enlightenment

融合教育目前已成为国际上教育发展的重要趋势。高质量的融合教育需要多方人员的参与和支持,教师助手是其中一项重要的人力资源。在融合教育背景下,美国教师助手的发展历史悠久且培养体系日益成熟和系统化,具有较好的学习和借鉴意义。本研究简要梳理美国融合教育中教师助手的角色演变历程和具体职责,介绍其资质认证标准和知识技能要求、培训路径和监督管理模式,对我国培养教师助手具有一定的启示与借鉴意义。

Inclusive education has become an important trend in education development.High-quality inclusive education entails the participation and support of various personnel,and paraeducators are part of them.There is a long history regarding paraeducator development in the context of inclusive education in the United States,and the training system has become mature and systematic.This paper discusses the evolution process of the role of paraeducators in the United States and introduces their specific responsibilities,qualification certification standards,knowledge and skill requirements,training paths,and supervision and management models,with the purpose of providing enlightenment and reference for paraeducator training in China.