新生儿重症监护病房出院早产儿母乳喂养决策影响因素分析

Analysis of factors related to breastfeeding of premature infants discharged from neonatal intensive care unit

目的根据新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)出院早产儿家庭主要照顾者母乳喂养选择情况,回顾性分析NICU住院期间的影响因素。方法根据吉林大学第一医院NICU于2019年6月1日至12月31日出院的342例早产儿母乳喂养情况,采用自行设计的NICU早产儿资料收集表对其进行调查,回顾性分析NICU住院对母乳喂养决策的影响因素。结果影响母乳喂养决策的单因素分析包括胎龄(t值为-2.177,P值为0.029)、出生体质量(t值为-2.036,P值为0.043)、在院期间喂养方式(χ^(2)值为6.582,P值为0.010)、住院时间(Z值为-2.205,P值为0.027)、母亲年龄(Z值为-2.975,P值为0.003)、母亲文化程度(χ^(2)值为8.350,P值为0.040)、是否为双胎妊娠(χ^(2)值为7.367,P值为0.007)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,住院期间实施母乳喂养(P值为0.003)、母亲高龄(P<0.001)是促进母乳喂养决策的有利因素;双胎妊娠(P值为0.006)、母亲低学历(P值为0.001)、胎龄(P值为0.006)是不利于母乳喂养实施的危险因素。结论在院期间实施母乳喂养与母亲高龄有利于出院后母乳喂养的选择,双胎妊娠、母亲低学历与低出生胎龄不利于母乳喂养的实施。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the influencing factors during the hospitalization of premature infants in the neonatal intensive careunit(NICU)based on the breast-feeding choices of the primary family caregivers of premature infants discharged from NICU.Methods According to the breast-feeding status of 342 premature infants discharged from the NICU from The First hospital of Jilin University from June 1st,2019 to December 31th,2019,a self-designed data collection form for premature infants was used to investigate them,and the influencing factors of NICU hospitalization on breast-feeding selection were retrospectively analyzed.Results The factors influencing breastfeeding included gestational age(tvalue was-2.177,P=0.029),birth weight(tvalue was-2.036,P=0.043),feeding mode during hospital stay(χ^(2)value was 6.582,P=0.010),length of hospital stay(Zvalue was-2.205,P=0.027),maternal age(Zvalue was-2.975,P=0.003),maternal education level(χ^(2)value was 8.350,P=0.04)and twin pregnancy(χ^(2)value was 7.367,P=0.007).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that breast-feeding during hospitalization(P=0.003)and older age of the mother(P<0.001)were favorable factors to promote breast-feeding.Twin pregnancy(P=0.006),low maternal education(P=0.001)and gestational age(P=0.006)were the risk factors that were not conducive to the implementation of breastfeeding.Conclusion During the hospital period,the implementation of breastfeeding and the old age of the mother are conducive to the choice of breastfeeding after discharge,while twin pregnancy,low education of the mother and premature infants of large gestational age are not conducive to the implementation of breastfeeding.