论元好问丧乱诗“诗史”特征

On the Characteristics of “Poetic History” of Yuan Haowen’s Funeral Poems

元好问是金代的诗文大家,其在金元易代之际创作的反映社会动乱、人民丧亡的丧乱诗无论是思想还是艺术上都具有极高的成就,被称为金元鼎革之际的一部"诗史"。元好问丧乱诗的"诗史"特征具体表现为以诗论史、以诗证史和以诗补史三方面。其丧乱诗中"诗史"特征的形成原因与他本人所生活的时代背景、个人经历及真正学习杜甫的诗歌创作有关,是内外因共同作用的结果。元好问丧乱诗的这一诗歌特征在中国古代诗歌发展史上具有重要的文学意义。

Yuan haowen was a master of poetry and prose in the Jin Dynasty. His poems reflecting social disturbance and people’s death during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,which had great achievements in both ideology and art. Yuan haowen’s funeral poems have obvious characteristics of"Poetic History",which are embodied in three aspects: chanting history with poetry,commenting history with poetry and verifying history with poetry. The formation of the characteristics of"Poetic History"in his disturbance poems is related to the historical background he lived in,his personal experience and his initiative to learn from Du Fu’s poetic creation. The characteristics of"Poetic History"of Yuan Haowen’s funeral poems has unique meaning in the development history of ancient poetry.