展览教育效果评估的理论、方法与实践——以山东博物馆2018—2019年展览观众评估项目为例

The Theory,Method and Practice of Exhibition Effectiveness Evaluation:Shandong Museum’s 2018 and 2019 Exhibition Visitors Evaluation Projects

教育是博物馆的重要职能,展览是博物馆发挥教育职能的重要载体,展览是否具有教育效果对于评估博物馆的社会价值具有重要意义。因此,博物馆需要对展览的教育效果展开评估。基于山东博物馆2018—2019年进行的两次展览观众评估项目,可全面呈现评估过程中所采用的理论基础、方法设计与实践过程。结果表明,在以信息传播为主要目的的历史类展览中,适合采用"建构主义学习理论"作为评估的理论基础,采用"展览信息传播效率影响因素框架"作为评估指标设计的依据,采用访谈法与跟踪观察法作为获取数据的途径。评估的结果能够比较全面地反映观众对展览的注意力分布情况、对展览的评价以及学习效果,从而为展览的改良提供来自观众视角的依据。

Education is an important role of museums and exhibitions are an important platform for museums to play this role.It is therefore important to evaluate the exhibitions’educational effects as they indicate the museum’s performance in realizing its social value.The examination on the two evaluation projects for the exhibitions held in Shandong Museum in 2018 and 2019 unfolds fully the theories,methods,and practices that were employed in the project.The result shows for history exhibitions that aim on information dissemination,"constructivist learning theory"is suitable to serve as the theoretical basis for evaluation,"Framework of Exhibition Information Influencing Factors"is helpful for evaluation criteria design,and interviews and follow-up observation are useful approaches to obtaining data.The evaluation results revealed information about the attention distribution,audience feedbacks and learning results,which provides support from the audience perspective for the improvement of the exhibition.