国际海事司法下的民事管辖权问题研究——以《海诉法》修改为视角

Study on civil jurisdiction under international maritime justice--from the perspective of amending the Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China

海事司法的国际属性决定了其同陆上司法相比,在权力行使依据、管辖内容、司法行为边界等方面具有鲜明的特殊性。国际法视角下,中国的海上民事管辖权目前存在内容表述不周延、管辖船舶界定不清、豁免范围模糊、船旗国管辖规则误用以及领海外海域管辖权立法缺失等问题。以《海诉法》修改为契机,提出树立海上“大司法”管辖理念、科学界定管辖船舶、厘清军舰与政府公务船舶的豁免范围、避免船旗国管辖规则误用以及立法明确领海外管辖权五项建议。

Compared with jurisdiction on the land,maritime jurisdiction has its particularity in terms of the basis of power exercise,content of jurisdiction and boundary of judicial behavior.Under international law,there are some problems about the maritime jurisdiction of our country,such as the content is not comprehensive,the definition of ship is confused,the scope of exemption is vague,the jurisdiction rules of flag states are abused,and the legislation of jurisdiction outside territorial waters is missing.Taking the opportunity of amending the Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China,this paper puts forward five suggestions,such as establishing the concept of“macroscopic jurisdiction”at sea,scientifically defining the general concept of ships,clarifying the scope of jurisdictional immunity,avoiding the abuse of flag state jurisdiction rules,and making clear the jurisdiction outside territorial waters by legislation.