海运强国战略背景下船舶“活扣押”制度存废探究——以《海诉法》的修改为视角

Research on the retainment and abandonment of the“flexible arrest of ship”system under the strategy of the Seaborne Power--based on the amendment of the Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China

船舶“活扣押”因具有允许船舶继续营运的天然优势,在减轻船方因诉讼导致的船舶利益损失、推动航运经济发展方面发挥着重要作用。但由于船舶“活扣押”法律属性认识偏差、法律规定不明或冲突、船舶“活扣押”本身局限性等原因,船舶“活扣押”制度存废问题在理论与实务界引发争议。在对船舶“活扣押”相关争议焦点进行剖析的基础上,结合海运强国战略对发展航运事业、繁荣海洋经济的内在需求,以及国际公约对船舶“活扣押”的规则引领,明确船舶“活扣押”制度的存续价值,并相应提出《海诉法》修法建议。

The“flexible arrest of ship”has the natural advantage of allowing ships to continue to operate,and plays an important role in reducing the loss of ship interests caused by litigation while promoting the development of shipping economy.However,due to the misunderstanding of the legal nature of flexible arrest of ship,the unclear or conflicting laws,and the limitations of flexible arrest of ship itself,the issue of the retainment and abandonment of the“flexible arrest of ship”system has aroused controversy in both legal theory and practice.Based on the analysis of the focus of disputes relating to flexible arrest of ship,combined with the inherent needs of the strategy of the Seaborne Power for the development of shipping industry and prosperity of marine economy,and the guidance of international conventions on the rules of flexible arrest of ship,this paper clarifies the value of the existence of the“flexible arrest of ship”system,and accordingly puts forward suggestions for amending the Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China.