毛泽东军事策略与围棋——兼评《旷日持久的游戏——毛泽东军事策略的围棋阐释》

Mao Zedong’s Military Strategy and the Game of Go——A Review on the Protracted Game:An Interpretation of Mao Zedong’s Revolutionary Strategy from the Perspective of the Game of Go

围棋被当作战争的游戏模拟。毛泽东将围棋的思维、战略有机地运用于中国革命战争的战略与策略中,为中国革命下了一盘大棋。中国和西方学者对此多有论述。美国学者斯科特·伯尔曼的著作《旷日持久的游戏——毛泽东军事策略的围棋阐释》,分析战争时期毛泽东军事策略所体现的围棋思维与对弈模型。在伯尔曼看来,江西时期的农村包围城市战略体现的是围棋布局中有效利用边缘棋子的战术;抗日战争中的持久战则体现了围棋的战略全局意识;毛泽东的游击战术则体现了围棋的一种辩证法:断裂的联系。毛泽东革命策略与围棋在时间上的对应,体现为两者的过程都很漫长,是一种持久战;在空间上,则都需要把握大局。伯尔曼以围棋为类比分析毛泽东军事策略,对我们进一步理解毛泽东军事战略思维、战术体系,包括对围棋与战略的研究,均不乏启示意义。

Mao Zedong is a great statesman and military strategist in the contemporary era.Although he only occasionally played the game of go,he organically applied the strategic thinking of go playing in scheming the strategies and tactics of Chinese revolutionary war,and he successfully played a great game for the Chinese revolution.American scholar Scott.A.Boorman’s book The Protracted Game:An Interpretation of Maoist Revolutionary Strategy from the Perspective of the Game of Go analyzes the strategic thinking and game model embodied in Mao Zedong’s military strategy during the time of war.In Boorman’s opinion,the proposition of“encircling the cities from the countryside”in Jiangxi period reflected the tactics of using edge pieces effectively in the layout of go playing.The protracted tactics in the Anti-Japanese War reflects the overall strategic consciousness of the game of go;Mao Zedong’s guerrilla tactics embody a kind of dialectic in go playing:the broken connection.The correspondence between Mao Zedong’s revolutionary strategy and the game of go in terms of time is embodied by the fact that they both are protracted games.With regard to space,they both entail the grasp of the overall situation.Boorman uses go playing as an analogy to analyze Mao Zedong’s military strategy,which is of great enlightening significance for us to further understand Mao Zedong’s military strategic thinking and tactical system,including his study on the game of go and relevant strategies.