行政民事交叉问题中基础法律关系特征论析

The Characteristics of the Basic Legal Relationship inthe Intersecting Issues of Administrative and Civil Litigation

一个案件的审理结果构成另一案件的审判前提,这是行政民事交叉问题中的基础法律关系问题,其一般性特征包括问题确实困难和问题必须先行处理两个方面。《行政诉讼法》第六十一条关于行政诉讼一并审理相关民事争议的规定,仅适用于以民事争议为基础的行政民事交叉案件,理论上还需要构建民事诉讼一并解决行政争议制度、权限争议处理制度等制度群。基础法律关系的一般性判断标准是“谁为前提谁优先”,但具体到行政登记、行政许可、行政裁决、行政处罚等领域中,又表现出不同的复杂特征。同时,基于因果关系的特殊性,基础法律关系在实践中还呈现出相对性、直接性和复杂性等特征。

The trial result of a case constitutes the prerequisite for the trial of another case.This is the basic legal relationship in the administrative and civil intersecting issues.Its general characteristics include two aspects:one is that the problem is really difficult and the other is that the problem must be dealt with first.The provisions of Article 61 of the Administrative Litigation Law concerning the simultaneous trial of related civil disputes in administrative litigation are only applicable to administrative and civil intersecting cases based on civil disputes.In theory,it is necessary to construct system groups such as a system to resolve administrative disputes in civil litigation,and the authority dispute settlement system.The general criterion for judging the basic legal relationship is“whoever is the premise comes first”,but it shows different complex characteristics in such areas as administrative registration,administrative licensing,administrative adjudication and administrative punishment.At the same time,based on the particularity of the causal relationship,the basic legal relationship also presents the characteristics of relativity,directness and complexity in practice.