印染废水驯化的厌氧颗粒污泥微生物的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Anaerobic Granular Sludge Microorganisms Acclimated in Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

针对厌氧系统中功能菌群的多样性及其在代谢过程中的协同作用机制,以升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器内颗粒污泥微生物为研究对象,通过增量为20%阶段式提高实际印染废水进水比例的方法对其进行驯化,监测各阶段颗粒污泥微生物生态结构的变化。结果表明,随着进液印染废水比例的增加,毒性增强,COD去除率由92%降至约70%,比产甲烷活性由印染废水体积分数60%时的最高的0.23 mL/(g·d)降低至0.18 mL/(g·d);细菌菌群数量明显减少;产酸菌活性减弱导致古菌消化底物的缺少,进而导致古菌菌群数量减少以及甲烷产量的下降,是厌氧消化程度不高的主要原因。故如何从微生物角度强化厌氧系统中污染物降解效率是提高水处理效率的主要思路。

In order to investigate the diversity of functional bacteria in the anaerobic system and its synergy mechanism in the process of metabolism,the granular sludge microorganisms in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor, as the research object, was used to treat the actual printing and dyeing wastewater by increment of 20% during domestication. The change of the microbial ecological structure in granular sludge in each stage was monitored. The results showed that, with the increased in the proportion of printing and dyeing wastewater into the liquid, the toxicity was enhanced, and the COD removal rate was reduced from 92% to about 70%, and the specific methanogenic activity was reduced from the highest 0.23 mL/(g·d) when the volume fraction of printing and dyeing wastewater was 60% to 0.18 mL/(g·d). The number of bacterial flora decreased significantly. Low activity of acid-producing bacteria resulted in the lack of digestive substrates for the archaea, which resulted in the decrease of the number of archaea and the less of methane production, which was the main reason for the low degree of anaerobic digestion. Therefore, how to enhance the degradation efficiency of pollutants in the anaerobic system from the perspective of microorganisms is the main idea to improve the efficiency of water treatment.