生态利益分配的法治考量

The Legal Consideration of Distribution of Ecological Benefits

环境治理上的困境也是环境法进化和发展的机遇。生态利益分配的失衡导致区域环境不正义问题、城乡环境不正义和群体环境不正义现象。生态利益分配的失衡与失范是生态环境问题的实质。生态利益的分配不是利益的剥夺和限制,其是以利益的维持和增进为目的,法律上权利是利益分配法律实现的惯常路径,利益是权利的核心要素,权利行使以保障利益实现为目的。因此,生态利益应以权利为路径来建构相应分配机制,要借助权属制度,确立权利的享有、权利的行使以及损害赔偿请求权制度来实现生态利益的法律实现。

The dilemma of environmental governance is an opportunity for the evolution and development of environmental law.The imbalance of ecological benefit distribution leads to regional environmental injustice,urban and rural environmental injustice and group environmental injustice.The imbalance and anomalies of the distribution of ecological benefits are the essence of ecological environment problems.The distribution of ecological interests is not the deprivation and restriction of interests,but the maintenance and promotion of interests.In law,rights are the usual path to realize the distribution of interests.Interests are the core elements of rights,and the exercise of rights is to ensure the realization of interests.Therefore,the ecological interests should take the rights as the path to construct the corresponding distribution mechanism;with the help of the ownership system,establish the right to enjoy,exercise and claim for damages system to realize the legal realization of the ecological interests.