蚓粪对玉米茎基腐病发生的影响

Effect of Vermicompost on Occurrence of Corn Stalk Rot

以玉米为试材,通过向土壤中添加不同比例的蚓粪,探讨蚓粪对玉米茎基腐病发生的影响。结果表明,随着蚓粪量的增加,玉米茎基腐病发病率逐渐减弱,当蚓粪与土壤的体积比大于30%时,发病率逐渐加重。此外,施用蚓粪后,土壤中速效磷、有效磷、有机质、硝态氮含量有所提高,土壤酶活性提高,土壤中微生物数量由大到小依次为细菌>放线菌>真菌,施用蚓粪能抑制土壤真菌的繁殖,使放线菌与真菌的比值增加,从而使微生物区系更合理,可预防或减轻土传病害的发生;放线菌可产生抗生素,对其他有害菌起到拮抗作用。本研究可为深入研究添加蚓粪抑制玉米茎基腐病的发生提供参考。

Using corn as the test material,by adding different proportions of vermicompost to the soil,the effect of vermi-compost on the occurrence of corn stalk rot was discussed.The results showed that the incidence of corn stalk rot decreased with the increase of vermicompost,and increased when the volume ratio of vermicompost to soil was more than 30%.In addition,the contents of rapidly available phosphorus,available phosphorus,organic matter and nitrate nitrogen in the soil increased after application of vermicompost,and the soil enzyme activity increased.The number of microorganisms in the soil was in descending order of bacteria>actinomycetes>fungi,application of vermicompostes could inhibit the propagation of soil fungi,increase the ratio of actinomycetes to fungi,thus mading the microflora more reasonable,which could prevent or reduce the occurrence of soilborne diseases;actinomycetes produced antibiotics that antagonize other harmful bacteria.This study can provide a reference for the in-depth study on adding vermicompost to inhibit the occurrence of corn stalk rot.