何承天《鼓吹铙歌》的内容与创作时间考辨

A Textual Research on the Content and Creation Time of He Chengtian’s Guchui Nao Ge

何承天十五首《鼓吹铙歌》的创作时间,文献有“义熙中”和“义熙末”两种不同的记载:有人认为始于隆安四年,完成于义熙五年或稍后。由于思维模式不当和对歌辞内容解读存在偏差,这一观点难以成立。通过对歌辞内容和有关史实的双重考证可知,十五首《鼓吹铙歌》应该都创作于义熙年间。徐爰所说的“义熙末”是指十五首《鼓吹铙歌》完成的时间。沈约所说的“义熙中”是指何承天创作十五首《鼓吹铙歌》的起止时间。徐、沈之说皆可从。这十五首《鼓吹铙歌》不仅是杰出的文学作品,而且是一份重要的历史文献,是认识东晋晚期的政治与社会的珍贵史料。

There are two different records about the creation time of He Chengtian's fifteen songs of Guchui Nao Ge:the mid-term of Yixi and the end of Yixi.Some people think it started in the fourth year of Long'an and finished in the fifth year of Yixi or later.Due to the improper mode of thinking and the deviation in the interpretation of the lyrics,this view is difficult to hold.Through the double textual research on the content of the lyrics and the relevant historical facts,it can be seen that all the fifteen songs of Guchui Nao Ge should have been created in the Yixi period.“The end of Yixi”mentioned by Xu Yuan refers to the completion time of the fifteen songs of Guchui Nao Ge.However,Shen Yue's“The mid-term of Yixi”refers to the starting and ending time of He Chengtian's creation of the fifteen songs.Both Xu and Shen are correct.These fifteen songs are not only outstanding literary works,but also important historical documents.They are valuable historical materials for understanding the politics and society in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty.