朱熹论陶的历史传承与突破

Zhu Xi’s View on Tao’s Historical Inheritance and Breakthrough

朱熹对陶渊明的阐发在一定程度上重新建构了陶渊明形象,他对陶渊明的肯定与评价也确立了陶渊明的文学地位并影响着后代学者的观念,而他的研究也为后世开辟了独特的解读角度。朱熹从施政的角度,选择对陶渊明的阐释,首先不是以文人的身份,而是作为纯粹民风的典型,彰显他的“贤”,挖掘与弘扬陶渊明内在的伦理文化资源,并为社会服务:一方面将陶渊明的隐逸与义利之辨建立联系,另一方面不断揭示陶渊明不仕二姓,能够践行君臣大义,从而成为道义的典范。他对陶诗的推崇,不仅是对抗当时文坛注重技巧的不正之风,也是寻求理学文学观的历史代表,让陶接续风雅,重建文坛正宗谱系。因为他内在的文学素养,他不仅能阐发陶诗平淡的特点,而且揭示其豪放的性格,从而完成陶诗性格立体多元论。朱熹的社会背景以及家学渊源,使得他能够发明陶渊明,从而提升陶渊明在文学史上的地位。

Zhu Xi's interpretation of Tao Yuanming reconstructed Tao’s image to a certain extent.His affirmation and evaluation of Tao Yuanming also established Tao's literary status and influenced the ideas of later scholars,and his research also opened up a unique perspective for later generations.From the perspective of administration,Zhu Xi chose to interpret Tao Yuanming,who is not as a scholar,but as a model of pure folk customs,to highlight Tao’s"virtuous",excavate and promote Tao's internal ethical and cultural resources,as to serve the society.On the one hand,Tao’s seclusion is connected with the distinction between righteousness and profit.On the other hand,Zhu constantly reveals that Tao Yuanming refuses to be an official in the new regime,but continues to be loyal to his monarch,so as to become a moral model.Zhu’s admiration for Tao's poetry is not only to fight against the unhealthy trend of paying attention to skills in the literary world at that time,but also to seek the historical representative of Neo-Confucianism literary view,so that Tao can continue his elegance and rebuild the authentic pedigree of the literary world.Because of his inner literary accomplishment,Zhu cannot only elucidate the plain characteristics of Tao's poetry,but also reveal his bold and unconstrained character,thus completing the three-dimensional pluralism of Tao's poetry character.Zhu's social background and family background enable him to invent Tao Yuanming,so as to enhance his position in the history of literature.