明代弘治、正德年间吴中布衣群体及其唱酬活动——以文徵明为中心的讨论

The Communication Among Civilian Literati in Wuzhong Between Hongzhi and Zhengde in Ming Dynasty:Discussion Centered on Wen Zhengming

明代弘治、正德年间,“吴中四才子”“东庄十友”活跃于吴中文坛,他们主要是以文徵明为代表的布衣才子,大多科场失意而潜心艺文,以诗文书画传名于世。他们的唱酬活动构成了吴中艺文的主要面貌,并在吴地的空间和记忆中展现出一个地域群体的独特风貌。具体而言:一方面,作为与庙堂无缘的布衣文人,他们共同栖身于吴中,在草堂、禅寺等空间中雅集唱酬,展现出布衣群体幽隐自惬的生存状态与不同流俗的价值立场;另一方面,作为以书画闻名的地方才士,文徵明辈倾慕于杨维桢、倪瓒、王冕等元末高士。通过对元末故实的集体追怀,他们接续了倪瓒等人的精神意脉,构建出疏狂自放、清逸不俗的才士群像。总之,文徵明等人在文会雅集、书画往来、诗酒唱酬等风雅活动中,实现了自身地域文化特质的承续和凝定,呈现出地方才士的文采风姿。

“The Four Geniuses of Wuzhong”and“Ten Friends of Dongzhuang”were active in the literary circle of Wuzhong between Hongzhi and Zhengde.Most of them were frustrated in their examinations and devoted themselves to art and literature.They were famous for their poems,calligraphy and painting.Their communications constitute the main features of Wuzhong literature,and show the unique style of a regional group in the space and memory of Wuzhong.To be specific:on the one hand,as the civilian literati,they lived together in Wuzhong,gathering in the thatched cottage and Zen temple,showing the secluded and comfortable living state;on the other hand,as the local wits famous for calligraphy and painting,they admired Yang Weizhen,Ni Zan,Wang Mian and other wits in the late Yuan Dynasty.Through the collective remembrance of the past events at the end of the Yuan Dynasty,they continued the spiritual pulse of Ni Zan and others,and constructed the outstanding talent image.In a word,Wuzhong civilian literati achieved the continuation of their own regional cultural characteristics and showing the literary grace of local wits in the elegant activities.