从灾害复兴视角看日本的新冠灾难对策

Japan's Countermeasures against COVID-19 from the Perspective of Disaster Recovery

面对新冠疫情持续蔓延,日本政府并未采取复合型的应对之策。回顾近代以来日本的疫病对策史以及1960年前后经济高速增长期的灾害对策史,梳理日本政府应对有关疫病灾害的相关法律和行政管理制度,不难发现问题所在。从灾害复兴论的社会学视角看,有必要将“新冠灾难”定义为“新冠灾害”,并以灾害来应对。进一步而言,日本政府应该将新冠灾难视为全新的复合型灾害,为生产生活艰难的国民和企业研究制定能够直接提供保障的法律制度。同时,为防灾减灾展开事前预测和应对研究,形成针对灾害和灾后全方位复兴的有效对策。

Faced with the spread of COVID-19 epidemic,the Japanese government has not taken a comprehensive countermeasure,the reason for which can be found out if the history of Japan’s epidemic countermeasures since modern times,the history of Japan’s disaster countermeasures during the period of rapid economic growth around 1960s and relevant laws and administrative systems of Japanese government in response to epidemic disasters are reviewed.From the perspective of sociological disaster recovery theory,it is necessary to regard the COVID-19 as a disaster.Furthermore,the Japanese government should regard the“COVID-19 disaster”as a new and complicated disaster,formulate a legal system that can directly provide protection for the people and enterprises in difficult situation and carry out pre-prediction and response research for disaster prevention and mitigation,in order to form effective countermeasures for disaster and post-disaster recovery.