农村地区不同炉具和燃料排放PM1.0中多环芳烃的排放特征

Emission characteristics of PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different stoves and fuels in rural areas

为研究农村地区不同燃料在不同清洁炉具中燃烧产生PM1.0中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的排放因子和排放特征,利用稀释通道法采集了8种燃料在气化炉和解耦炉中燃烧产生的PM1.0样品,分析其中的PAHs含量。结果表明:16种组合条件下燃烧产生的PAHs排放因子为0.38~39.37 mg·kg^(-1),气化炉的排放因子均低于解耦炉。燃料在气化炉中产生PAHs的排放因子顺序为EF散煤> EF玉米秸秆> EF烟煤型煤> EF松木木块> EF柞木木块>EF 兰炭≈EF 无烟型煤> EF玉米秸秆压块。菲、荧蒽、芘是生物质燃料燃烧产生PM1.0中PAHs的主要组分,菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并(b)荧蒽是煤炭燃烧产生PM1.0中PAHs的主要组分。燃料在气化炉中燃烧产生PM1.0中PAHs的低环比例高于解耦炉,而中高环PAHs的比例则低于解耦炉。在满足居民取暖需求情况下,预估减排效果最好组合为气化炉+兰炭、无烟型煤或玉米秸秆压块。

To study the emission factors and emission characteristics of PM1.0-bound PAHs from the combustion of different fuels and improve stoves in rural areas, the samples produced by 8 fuels burned in 2 improved stoves were collected using the dilution channel method, and the concentration of PAHs was analyzed. The results showed that the emission factor was in the range of 0.38~39.37 mg·kg^(-1). When the same fuel was burned in different improved stoves, the gasifier stove’s emission factor of PAHs was lower than the decoupling stove’s. The order of PAHs emission factors of various fuels burned in the gasifier stove was EFbulk coal>EFcorn straw>EFbituminous coal briquette>EFpine wood>EFoak wood>EFsemi-coal≈ EFanthracite briquette>EFcorn straw briquette. Among biomass fuels, PHE, PLA, and PYR were the main species of PAHs produced by combustion, while the dominant species in coals were PHE, FLA, PYR, and BbF. The proportion of LMW PAHs produced by the gasifier stove was higher than the decoupling stove, while the proportion of MMW PAHs and HMW PAHs produced by the gasifier stove was lower than the decoupling stove. In the case of meeting the heating demand of residents, it was estimated that the best combination was gasifier stove+semi-coke, anthracite briquette, or corn straw briquette.