跨期选择损益不对称:从现象到心理机制

Gain-Loss Asymmetry of Intertemporal Choices:From Effects to Psychological Process

损益不对称是跨期选择中非常稳定的现象之一,即相对于收益,在损失跨期选择中,决策者表现出更小甚至是负的折扣率。过往研究一般仅是发现现象和探讨原因,而近来的研究开始检验损益不对称现象的心理机制。本文从损益结果效用的不对称性、延迟知觉的不对称性以及折扣不对称三方面总结了损益不对称心理机制研究的进展。最后,本文提出未来需要从损益结果可能的不同加工策略、损益序列比较和过程方法研究等方面加强研究。

Gain-loss asymmetry is a robust phenomenon in intertemporal choice,that is,compared with intertemporal choice with gains,decision-makers show a smaller,even a negative discount rate in those with losses.Previous studies on gain-loss asymmetry usually only showed this phenomenon and discussed possible reasons;however,recent research began to examine the underlying psychological mechanisms.This paper summarizes the progress in the study of psychological mechanism of gain-loss asymmetry from the following three aspects:asymmetry utility of gain and loss,asymmetry perceptions of delay duration and asymmetry of discounting functions.Finally,this paper proposes that future research needs to be strengthened in terms of possible distinct processing strategies for gains and losses outcomes,further comparison of gain and loss sequences,and diverse processing research methods to study intertemporal choice.