论平等概念的历史与结构

On the History and Structure of the Concept of Equality

政治哲学的任务取决于其所处的时代,时代不同,任务自然有所差异。平等是一个兼具历史性与结构性的概念。从时间维度上看,平等是一个随着历史条件的变化而不断发展完善的概念;从结构维度上看,平等概念呈现出“道德平等”与“待遇平等”的二元结构。“道德平等”强调每个人都应被视为平等的主体,应受到平等的尊重与关切;“待遇平等”主张人们在政治、经济和社会等领域应得到平等对待。平等概念的发展史,就是“道德平等”逐步发展,进而推动“待遇平等”实现的过程。具体而言,此过程呈现为由差别平等推进到形式平等,最后迈向实质平等的历史过程。从历史与结构双重维度上探究平等概念,有助于我们科学界定和精准把握社会主义平等观。

Because the task of political philosophy depends on its times,different times lead to different tasks.Equality is a historical and structural concept.From the perspective of time,equality is a concept that develops and improves with the change of historical conditions;from the perspective of structure,the concept of equality presents a dual structure of "moral equality" and "equal treatment". "Moral equality" emphasizes that everyone should be regarded as an equal subject and should be respected and concerned equally;"equal treatment" advocates that people should be treated equally in political,economic and social fields.The development history of the concept of equality is the process of the gradual development of "moral equality"and the realization of"equal treatment".More precisely,it is a historical process from differential equality to formal equality and finally to substantive equality.Exploring the concept of equality from the perspective of history and structure is helpful for us to scientifically define and accurately grasp the socialist concept of equality.