作为真之标准的清楚分明

Clear and Distinct as Criteria of Truth in Descartes'Meditation

清楚分明是《第一哲学沉思集》中判断何物为真的标准。清楚分明是理智能力正常使用的结果,通过这一标准可以达到认知对象的确定性,并确定其为真。但从文本来看,理智清楚分明地知觉到的东西即是真的这一标准的得出十分可疑。甚至在清楚分明这一标准上,第三沉思和第四沉思构成了一个“笛卡尔循环”。本文认为,假如不承认清楚分明可以作为真之标准,那么笛卡尔的体系就难以自洽,甚至连上帝的观念(idea)都无法得出,而且仅把这一标准用来标记已经十分确定的对象也与文本中的用法不符。清楚分明和真之间是一种定义关系。

Clear and distinct is the criteria of truth in Meditations on First Philosophy.It is the result to use the faculty of intelligence rightly.The certainty of the object can be reached through the criteria,and the truth of it can also be affirmed.However,the argument that the thing perceived clearly and distinctly by intellect is true looks very doubtful from the text of Descartes.The third meditation and fourth meditation even consist a so called Cartesian Circle.What I want to argue in this paper is that if the criteria is not accepted,the Descartes’ s theory is not self-consistent,and the idea of God cannot be deducted from it.The view which holds that the criteria’s function is to mark the things perceived clearly and distinctly does not correspond to the usage of the criteria in the text.The usage of this criteria is to definite true.