隔年深松对土壤性质、根系活性及其水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Subsoiling in Alternate Years on Soil Properties,Root Activity and Water Use Efficiency

通过定位研究探明隔年深松对土壤结构、根系活性和水分利用的影响,以促进该地区农田土壤综合生产能力和产量的提升。在2015-2016年进行,试验设置春季播种前行间深松30 cm(SS-30)、春季播种前行间深松40 cm(SS-40)、秋季收获后行间深松30 cm(AS-30)、秋季收获后行间深松40 cm(AS-40)和不深松(CK)5个处理,探讨隔年深松对土壤的穿透阻力、容重、水分、根系活力、产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,隔年深松显著降低了土壤的穿透阻力和容重,显著提高了深松部位到地表的土壤含水量,显著提高了根系活力,显著增加了产量和水分利用效率(WUE)。与CK相比,AS-40、SS-40、AS-30和SS-30的活跃比表面积,分别增加2.47%,1.85%,1.32%,0.62%;AS-40、SS-40、AS-30和SS-30的根系活力,分别增加20.37%,18.23%,7.83%和5.92%;SS-40、SS-30、AS-40和AS-30的WUE,分别增加2.02%,6.05%,7.26%,12.90%。间隔深松能有效改善土壤结构,提升干旱地区土壤的蓄水保墒能力,秋季深松对土壤改良的效果最好,适当增加深松深度,能有效提升深松的效果,但深松效果会随着时间的推移逐渐减弱。

The effects of subsoiling in alternate years on soil structure,root activity and water use efficiency(WUE)were studied in order to promote the improvement of soil comprehensive productivity and yield.This study was conducted from 2015 to 2016.The experiment was conducted with five treatments,they were 30 cm subsoiling before spring sowing(SS-30),40 cm(SS-40)before spring sowing,30 cm(AS-30)between rows after autumn harvest,and 40 cm(AS-40)between rows after autumn harvest and no subsoiling(CK).In order to studied the effects of subsoiling in alternate years on soil penetration resistance,bulk density,water content,root activity,yield and WUE.The results showed that subsoiling in alternate years significantly reduced soil penetration resistance and bulk density,significantly increased soil moisture content from subsoiling site to surface,significantly increased root activity,and significantly increased yield and WUE.Compared with CK,the active specific surface areas of AS-40,SS-40,AS-30 and SS-30 increased by 2.47%,1.85%,1.32%and 0.62%,respectively.The root activity of AS-40,SS-40,AS-30 and SS-30 increased by 20.37%,18.23%,7.83%and 5.92%,respectively.The WUE of SS-40,SS-30,AS-40 and AS-30 increased by 2.02%,6.05%,7.26%and 12.90%,respectively.It is considered that interval subsoiling can effectively improve the soil structure,enhance the ability of water and soil moisture conservation.Subsoiling in autumn has the best effect on soil improvement.Increasing the depth of subsoiling can effectively improve the effect of subsoiling,but the subsoiling effect will gradually weaken with the passage of time.