行间生草覆盖对延怀盆地葡萄园沙化土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Living Grass Mulching on Sandy Soil Physicochemical Characteristics in Vineyard of Yanhuai Basin

针对延怀盆地葡萄种植区长期受大风侵蚀,土壤沙化严重的问题,明确行间生草对葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响,探索北方埋土防寒区葡萄园行间生草技术。以怀来县为研究对象,于2017年在树龄为10 a的葡萄架下种植苔草和二月兰,以传统清耕为对照。种植3 a后采集土壤样品,分析土壤容重、持水量、团聚体含量、总碳、总氮、有机质、硝态氮、氨态氮以及有效态铁锰铜锌含量。结果表明:与传统清耕相比,种植3 a二月兰能显著增加0~20 cm表层土壤硝态氮含量,增加0~80 cm土层土壤有效磷、全氮含量,有效改善土壤物理性状;与传统清耕相比,种植3 a披针叶苔草能显著增加0~20 cm表层土壤有机质和全氮含量;二月兰与披针叶苔草连续种植3 a后均不同程度增加了葡萄园表层土壤各级团聚体中碳氮的含量。种植二月兰在提高0.125~0.250 mm粒级团聚体碳氮含量的效果最为明显;而苔草则表现为提高0.075~0.125 mm粒级团聚体碳氮含量的效果最为明显;2种行间生草方式对葡萄园沙化土壤团聚体结构的影响不同,种植3 a苔草显著增加>0.25 mm大团聚体含量,而种植3 a的二月兰因人为翻耕原因,导致<0.250 mm粒级团聚体显著增加。在延怀盆地葡萄行间种植草本植物能有效改善土壤理化性状,不同种类草本植物对土壤理化性状改善效果不同,因此在北方埋土防寒区选择适宜草种是推广该项技术的重要环节。

For the problem of soil desertification caused by strong wind for long time and development of local grape industry in Yanhuai Basin,the influence of grasses on soil physical and chemical properties in the vineyards of Yanhuai Basin was determined,and the technology of planting grasses in vineyard was explored.Two kinds of grasses were selected for experiment and planted in 2017 according to the climatic conditions and characteristics of viticulture in Huailai County,and traditional cultivation as control.The physicochemical properties of sandy soil were analyzed after 3 years of planting.The results showed that:Compared with control,the nitrate content of 0-20 cm surface soil was increased significantly,and the available phosphorus,total nitrogen content of 0-80 cm soil layer was increased after planting Orychophragmus Violaceus(L.)O.E.Schulz for 3 years,while the physical properties of surface soil was improved.Compared with control,the organic matter and total nitrogen content of 0-20 cm surface soil was increased significantly after planting Carex lanceolata Boott.After 3 years of continuous cultivation,the contents of carbon and nitrogen in the aggregate of the surface soil were increased in vineyard.The influence of the two kinds of grasses on the aggregate structure of the sandy soil of the vineyard was different.The macroaggregate(>0.25 mm)content of surface soil was increased significantly after planting Carex lanceolata Boott and the microaggregate(<0.25 mm)content of surface soil was increased significantly after planting Orychophragmus Violaceus(L.)O.E.Schulz,so it was suggested that the surface soil should not be artificially ploughed after planting Orychophragmus Violaceus(L.)O.E.Schulz in order to prevent soil erosion in Yanhuai Basine.Soil physical and chemical properties could be improved and the effects on soil physical and chemical properties was different after planting grasses in vineyard,but the selection of suitable grass species was important in vineyard of Yanhuai Basin.