公共组织模式的现象学重构

Phenomenological Reconstruction of Public Organization Model

被广泛应用于公共机构的官僚制度虽然是现代社会在形式方面高度合理的组织模式,却因非人格化的内在特征而持续遭到人们的批评。哲学层面的反思不仅能展现官僚制度重大缺陷的深度,还有助于在不同的根基上建构公共组织的替代性模式。本研究尝试从现象学的进路对公共组织的官僚制模式进行批判和重构。研究发现,匿名性的增长一方面是公共组织个体结构得以形成的条件;另一方面又是阻碍成员理解和反思组织实践的根本原因。未来公共组织应该从道德上拒绝容纳富余匿名性的官僚制度,并最终导向将匿名性限制在维持组织个体结构之最低限度之内的社会协同型模式。该模式要求以临时项目组为基本单元,打破典型官僚组织的固定职权体系,为研究者和实践者在我国改革与发展的新形势下理解和探索组织实践提供规范性指引。

The bureaucratic system is a highly rational organizational model of modern society.This model is widely used in public institutions because of its significant advantages in terms of efficiency,equality,and external responsibility.At the same time,criticism and reform of the bureaucracy has never stopped because of the lack of effective responses to the contemporary complex society in which the organization operates.But unfortunately,these studies of practical reflection on the bureaucracy do not really respond to the flaws in this organizational model that are fundamentally important.Only reflections at the philosophical level can reveal the depth of major flaws in the bureaucracy and provide the possibility to find alternative models of public organizations on different roots.This study attempts to criticize and reconstruct the bureaucratic model of public organizations from the phenomenological approach.The study finds that the growth of anonymity is on the one hand the conditions for the formation of the individual structure of public organizations;on the other hand,it is the root cause that hinders members from understanding and reflecting on organizational practices.Therefore,the phenomenological analysis of this organizational model requires that public organizations in the future morally reject bureaucratic systems that include surplus anonymity,and ultimately lead to a model of collaboration that limits anonymity to the minimum that maintains the individual structure of the organization.