不同耕作方式对小麦叶片净光合速率的影响

Effects of Tillage Methods on Photosynthetic Rate of Different Genotypes of Wheat

为了明确少耕和翻耕对小麦产量水平发挥的影响。采用4个不同基因型小麦品种:中大穗型品种泰农18和山农24,多穗型品种济麦23和济麦44,对比研究了少耕播种(Less-tillage sowing,LT)和传统翻耕播种(Ploughing sowing,PS)对小麦群体光照强度及小麦叶片净光合速率的影响。与PS处理相比,LT处理显著改善了多穗型品种小麦群体内的光分布状况,显著增加了中下位叶片的可受光照量和叶片光合速率;比较不同穗型小麦品种冠层温度发现,LT处理下多穗型品种济麦23和济麦44群体的冠层温度较PS处理显著降低,中大穗型品种泰农18和山农24在2种耕作方式下冠层温度差距不明显,说明中大穗型小麦品种更适宜采用少耕播种技术;LT处理能够显著提高中大穗型小麦品种山农24生育中后期的植被归一化指数(NDVI),充分发挥小麦群体的后期光合生产优势;LT处理较PS处理可显著提高多穗型品种济麦23和济麦44的产量。LT处理能够显著改善多穗型小麦品种的群体光分布特性,较PS处理更易发挥该技术的增产效果;选用分蘖成穗率较高、群体相对较大的多穗型品种更容易发挥LT处理的节本增效作用。

The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of different wheat varieties and different farming treatments on the light distribution characteristics of wheat population.Four different genotype wheat varieties:experiment with two large and medium panicle type in Tainong 18 and Shannong 24,two multiple panicle type in Jimai 23 and Jimai 44,comparative study the no-till seeding(Less-tillage sowing,LT)and conventional tillage seeding(Ploughing sowing,PS)on wheat group light intensity and the influence of wheat leaf net photosynthetic rate.Compared with PS treatment,LT treatment significantly improved the light distribution in the multiple panicle wheat population,and significantly increased the illumination amount and photosynthetic rate of the lower and middle leaves.The canopy temperature of Jimai 23 and Jimai 44 populations sown less no-tillage was significantly lower than that of ploughing sowing,but there was no significant difference between Tainong 18 and Shannong 24 under the two farming treatments.Less-tillage sowing significantly improved the vegetation normalization index(NDVI)of middle and large panicle wheat variety Shannong 24,in the middle and late growth period,and gave full play to the advantage of photosynthetic production in the late stage of wheat population.The Less-tillage sowing cultivation method significantly improved the yield of the multiple panicle type Jimai 23 and Jimai 44.Less-tillage sowing significantly improved the light distribution characteristics of wheat population,and it was more likely to increase yield than ploughing sowing.The multiple panicle type varieties with high tiller panicle rate and relatively large population were more likely to play the cost-saving and synergistic effect of Less-tillage sowing treatments.