砧木对霞多丽和美乐葡萄生长、果实产量和品质的影响

Effects of Different Rootstock on the Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of Chardonnay and Merlot Grapes

为了明确砧木对酿酒葡萄生长和品质的影响,为宁夏产区酿酒葡萄生产中筛选适宜的砧穗组合提供参考依据。以霞多丽和美乐为接穗,分别与3种砧木嫁接,研究了砧木对2种葡萄生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明,霞多丽嫁接在5BB、1103P和110R 3种砧木上对生长有不同程度的促进作用,其中1103P显著提高主干粗度、叶面积及叶片SPAD值,增强生长势的效应最为明显;5BB显著提高了霞多丽果实中还原糖和可滴定酸含量,1103P则降低了果实中还原糖的累积,使可滴定酸含量升高,110R对糖酸含量影响不显著;1103P和110R显著降低了霞多丽果实总酚含量,5BB和1103P显著提高了果实花青素含量。3种砧木对霞多丽单株产量无显著影响。美乐嫁接在140R、5BB和SO43种砧木上明显减缓生长,其中以140R为砧木显著降低主干粗度、新梢长度和粗度、叶面积及SPAD值,减弱生长势效应最为明显;SO4显著降低美乐果实还原糖含量、提高可滴定酸含量,5BB对果实还原糖含量无显著影响,但显著提高可滴定酸含量,140R对糖酸含量影响不显著;3种砧木均提高了美乐果实单宁和花青素含量,其中140R嫁接苗单宁含量与自根苗差异显著,SO4、140R嫁接苗花青素含量显著高于自根苗;砧木5BB显著提高美乐单株产量。综上,霞多丽以5BB为砧木综合表现最好;对于美乐,自根苗表现最好,5BB在稳定树势、保持品质、提高产量方面的综合表现优于140R和SO4。

In order to provide reference for the selection of suitable scion-rootstock combinations in the production of wine grape in Ningxia.Chardonnay and Merlot were grafted with three rootstocks respectively to study the effects of rootstocks on the growth,fruit quality and yield of two kinds of grapes.The results showed that 5BB,1103P and 110R promoted the growth of Chardonnay in different degrees,among which 1103P increased the trunk diameter,leaf area and SPAD value significantly,and the effect of increasing growth was the most obvious.5BB significantly increased the reducing sugar and titratable acid content of Chardonnay fruit,while 1103P decreased the accumulation of reducing sugar and increased the content of titratable acid,and 110R had no significant effect on the sugar and acid content.1103P and 110R significantly reduced the total phenol content of Chardonnay,while 5BB and 1103P increased the anthocyanin content significantly.There was no significant difference in yield per plant between the grafted and self-rooted Chardonnay.The growth of Merlot grafted onto 140R,5BB and SO4 was slowed down evidently,among which 140R significantly reduced the trunk diameter,new shoot length and diameter,leaf area and SPAD value,and the effect of weakening growth was the most obvious.SO4 significantly decreased the reducing sugar content and increased titratable acid content of Merlot fruit,while 5BB had no significant effect on the reducing sugar content,but significantly increased the titratable acid content,and 140R had no significant effect on sugar and acid content.Three rootstocks improved the tannin and anthocyanin content of Merlot fruit,among which 140R showed a significant raise in tannin content,and the anthocyanin content of SO4 and 140R grafted was obviously higher than that of self-rooted.The rootstock 5BB significantly increased the yield per plant of Merlot.Among the three rootstocks,5BB was the best one for Chardonnay;but for Merlot,the self-rooted seedling was the best,and the comprehensive performance of 5BB was better than the other two rootstocks in terms of stable growth,quality and yield.