绵羊卵泡发育过程中关键信号通路研究进展

Advances on Critical Signaling Pathway in the Development of Sheep Follicles

卵泡从原始卵泡发育为成熟卵泡,直至排卵、黄体发育等过程都受到精密的调控,产生大量的优势卵泡是绵羊产多羔及实现快速扩繁的关键因素。研究发现,相关信号通路和转录因子通过影响绵羊卵泡中卵母细胞、颗粒细胞的生长,进而调控卵泡的发育成熟,对这些信号通路进行深入了解,有助于探索卵泡发育的调控机制,早日实现绵羊高效繁育。Notch是卵泡发育过程中发挥重要作用的高度保守信号通路,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路各成员都是广泛存在于细胞内的信号转导分子,在卵泡发育早期发挥了主要作用,还有间隙连接(gap junction,GJ)和跨带突触(transzonal projections,TZPs)等物理连接方式,在细胞间的交流通讯起到重要作用。作者详细介绍了Notch信号通路、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路、间隙连接及跨带突触的结构功能在绵羊卵泡发育中的调控作用,为进一步探明绵羊卵泡发育的调控机制提供参考。

The entire development process of a follicle is precisely regulated,which includes primary follicles to mature follicles,ovulation and corpus luteum development.It is critical to produce large quantity of superior follicles for multiple births and rapid reproduction.It was found that through impacting the growth of oocyte and granulosa cells in sheep follicles,the associated signal pathways and transcription factors in turn regulate the growth and maturity of follicles.Further understanding of these signal pathways is useful for investigating the regulatory mechanism of follicular development.In addition,high efficiency of sheep breeding and reproduction can be achieved as soon as possible.Notch is a highly conservative signaling pathway that plays an important role in the development of follicles.The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is widely present in cells.Each member of this pathway is a signal transduction molecule and has a huge impact in the early stage of follicular development.Physical junctions such as gap junction(GJ)and transzonal projections(TZPs)play an important role in signal communication between cells.This article elaborated the regulatory function of Notch signaling pathway,PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,gap junctions and transzonal projections in the development of sheep follicles,which would provide a reference for further exploring the regulatory mechanism of sheep follicle development.