影响荷斯坦奶牛产犊间隔的因素及其研究进展

Impact Factors and Its Research Progress of Calving Interval in Holstein Dairy Cows

产犊间隔(calving internal,CI)又称胎间距,即两次产犊间的时间间隔,能够综合反映奶牛发情、配种、妊娠和产犊等繁殖性能,是衡量奶牛繁殖性能的一个重要指标,同时也是影响奶牛产奶量和产犊数量的重要因素,对奶牛养殖经济效益具有直接影响。最新研究显示,适宜产犊间隔与牛群泌乳能力相关,泌乳能力越高,适宜产犊间隔应越长。但是,即使中国规模化牛场产奶量已经有了大幅提升,中国大多数牧场还在追求更短的产犊间隔。为此,作者对影响荷斯坦奶牛产犊间隔的因素及其研究进展进行概述,并简要阐述了产犊间隔对牛场经济效益的影响,以期为中国荷斯坦奶牛养殖确定适宜产犊间隔提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。

Calving interval is the time interval between calving,which can comprehensively reflect the reproductive performance of dairy cows,such as estrus,breeding,pregnancy and calving.Calving interval is an important index to measure the reproductive performance of dairy cows,and it is also an important factor affecting the milk yield and calving quantity of dairy cows,which has a direct impact on the economic benefits of dairy farming.The latest research showed that the suitable calving interval was correlated with the lactation ability of cattle.The higher the lactation ability,the longer the suitable calving interval should be.However,even though the milk yield of large-scale cattle farms in China has been greatly improved,most farms in China are still pursuing shorter calving intervals.Therefore,this paper summarized the factors affecting calving interval of Holstein dairy cows,especially high-yielding cows,and analyzed calving interval and economic benefits of dairy farms,in order to provide some references and theoretical basis for determining suitable calving interval for Holstein dairy cows farming in China.