游牧文化传统与游牧文学表达——以蒙古族与阿拉伯为例

Nomadic Culture and Nomadic Literature——An Example of Mongols and Arabs

文学是文化最好的阐释,在游牧文化基础上产生的活态的游牧文学处处彰显着与游牧文化的内在因缘关系。通过蒙古族与阿拉伯游牧文化的比较,发现二者的共同性使得文学也呈现出相似性,比如尚勇的文化特征产生了英雄崇拜的文学主题,流动的生产生活方式产生了口耳相传的文学表达形式,互动的文化特征促成了文学的交流与影响;游牧文化的差异性也使得文学也表现出明显的不同,比如蒙古族游牧文学产生了不少宏编巨制的史诗,塑造了许多对民族发展起着巨大推动作用的英雄,而阿拉伯游牧文学却以短小精悍的抒情诗、谚语、格言等见长,所塑造的英雄多体现为日常生活中的济困扶危和豪侠仗义。

Literature is the best interpretation of culture.The nomadic literature produced on the basis of nomadic culture manifests its inherent relationship with nomadic culture.Through the comparison of Mongolian and Arab nomadic culture,it is found that the similarities between them make the literature similar.The cultural characteristics of advocating bravery gave rise to themes of hero worship in literature,and the mobile modes of production and life made the literature wordof-mouth expressions.Therefore,the interaction between cultures has facilitated the communication and enhanced the impacts of literature.The differences of nomadic culture also make the literature show obvious differences.Mongolian nomadic literature has produced many great epics and created many heroes who have played a great role in promoting the development of the nation.However,Arabian nomadic literature is good at short and pithy lyrics,proverbs and aphorisms.The heroes created by Arabian nomadic literature are mostly reflected in helping the poor and supporting the dangerous and chivalrous in daily life.