基于完全成本水价的农业水价承受力和节水潜力评估——以新疆建设兵团第八师石河子灌区为例

Evaluation of Agricultural Water Price Tolerance and Water-saving Potential Based on Full Cost Water Price:A Case Study of Shihezi Irrigated Area of the 8th Division of Xinjiang Construction Corps

资源性缺水已经成为制约地区经济发展的重要因素,随着农业水价综合改革不断深化,分析农户承受力水价是水价改革的重要环节。依据国家和地方有关水价改革的目标,以新疆建设兵团第八师石河子灌区为例,运用意愿调研法和水价-水量模型,以完全成本水价为基础,分析该灌区农民灌溉水价承受力及实施完全成本水价和承受力水价后的节水效益。结果表明:灌区完全成本水价和农民承受力水价分别为0.3918元/m^(3)和0.439元/m^(3),与现行水价0.25元/m^(3)相比,灌区水价存在很大的提升空间;在完全成本水价下,亩均灌水量可比田间实际灌水量节约1078.35 m^(3)/hm^(2),约为15%,节水潜力很大;其他条件不变时,完全成本水价下的亩均用水量与定额管控下的灌水量趋于一致。灌区应结合农业水权水价改革实际状况,不断深化完善农业水价水权,以期为水权市场建设提供有力的保障。

Water resources shortage has become an important factor restricting regional economic development.With the deepening of comprehensive agricultural water price reform,the analysis of farmers′affordability of water price is an important part of water price reform.Based on the national and local goals of water price reform,this paper took Shihezi irrigation area of the 8th Division of the Xinjiang Construction Corps as an example to analyzes the water consumption capacity of farmers in the irrigation area and the water-saving benefits after the implementation of irrigation water price on the basis of the water price calculated at full cost by using the intention investigation method and the water price-water quantity model.According to the calculation and analysis,the total cost water price and the farmers′bearing water price is 0.391 yuan/m^(3) and 0.439 yuan/m^(3),respectively.Compared with the current water price of 0.25 yuan/m^(3),the water price of the irrigation area has a great room for improvement.Under the full cost water price,the average irrigation amount can be saved 1078.35 m3/hm^(2),about 15%,compared with the actual irrigation amount in the field,which shows great water-saving potential.When other conditions are unchanged,the average water consumption under full cost water price tends to be consistent with the irrigation amount under quota control.So irrigation areas should combine with the actual situation of water price reform of agricultural water rights and continuously deepen and improve the agricultural water price and water rights so as to provide a strong guarantee for the construction of water rights market.