突发公共卫生事件下老年人信息感知与保护性行动决策研究

Research on the Elderly's Information Perception and Protective Action Decision under the Sudden Public Health Event

[目的/意义]本研究以新型冠状病毒引发的肺炎疫情为背景,针对疫情期间老年人的信息感知与保护性行动决策过程展开研究,综合梳理了突发公共卫生事件中老年人身为利益相关者时做出保护行动决策的影响因素,可以为健全突发公共卫生事件下面向老年人群体的应急信息管理体系提供参考[方法/过程]文章利用网络爬虫技术获取微信公众号平台中反映疫情期间相关预警信息的文章数据,结合关键词提取技术与社会网络分析方法分析疫情预警信息,并挖掘疫情不同时期的典型老年人保护行为;同时,在保护性行动决策模型分析框架内,通过问卷调研获取老年人群体疫情期间的信息感知与保护行动决策过程的情况,进而应用老年人健康信息与健康行为理论,总结归纳出突发公共卫生事件不同生命周期中老年人信息感知与保护性行动决策的阶段性特征:[结果/结论]在信息感知过程中,预警信息的内容是影响老年人风险感知与保护行动决策的关键因素;疫情的不同生命周期内,老年人对风险程度的评估易产生较大波动;进行保护性行动决策时,老年人更容易因利益相关问题风险感知产生偏离,进而做出情绪化的非理性行为。

[Purpose/significance]In this paper, based on the frequent occurrence of COVID-19 pneumonia in older adults who do not cooperate with epidemic prevention, we study the characteristics of older adults’ information perception and protective action decision-making during public health emergencies. Discuss the relevant influencing factors of older adults as stakeholders when making protective action decisions in emergency information management of public health emergencies, to provide some help for the overall improvement of the future elderly information supply system.[Method/process]The article adopts the empirical analysis method and uses web crawler technology to grab 772 epidemic related articles from WeChat public account platform. At the same time, based on a questionnaire survey, the project obtained the information perception of 660 older adults during the epidemic. Based on keyword extraction and social network analysis, this project used the network text mining method analyzes data. This paper combines protective action decision-making models with the elderly health information and healthy behavior theory, based on the evolution of protective actions of the elderly in different life cycles of public health emergencies, and analyzes the characteristics of the elderly’s information perception and protective action decision.[Result/conclusion]The results of the study found that: in public health emergencies, firstly, the content of early warning information is a key factor influencing elderly risk perception and protective action decisions;secondly, in different life cycle stages, elderly risk perception is prone to large fluctuations;Finally, when making protective action decisions, the elderly are more likely to make emotionally irrational behaviors due to interest-related issues.