寒区河道不同模式生态护坡抗水流冲刷试验研究

Experimental study on water scouring resistance of different ecological slope protection models in cold region channel

为改善和提高寒区河道护坡的生态功能,设计了5种生态护坡模式并进行现场试验区建设。通过流速为1.0~5.0 m·s^(-1)有压恒定流连续冲刷试验,采集吸水性、水土流失率、糙率、破坏程度等试验监测数据,分析不同护坡模式抵抗水流侵蚀的能力。结果表明,生态护坡抗冲性能由强至弱依次为:环保草毯混种护坡、植生毯混种护坡、原土射干护坡、原土紫花苜蓿护坡、自然生长荒草护坡。人工建设的生态护坡,可有效提高坡面抗冲刷能力,其中环保草毯混种护坡最大抗冲流速为5 m·s^(-1),累积抗冲历时约9 h。

In order to improve and enhance the ecological function of river slope protection in cold region,five ecological slope protection models were designed and the field test area was constructed.Through the continuous scouring experiment of constant flow with pressure in the range of 1.0~5.0 m·s^(-1),the test monitoring data such as water absorption,soil and water loss rate,roughness and damage degree were collected,and then analyze the ability to resist water erosion of different slope protection modes,to provide theoretical and practical reference for vegetation construction of ecological slope protection in cold region channel.The results show that the impact resistance from strong to weak is:grass blanket slope protection,earthwork mesh cushion slope protection,original soil Belamcanda chinensis slope protection,original soil Medicago sativa L.slope protection,natural growth grass protection slope.Ecological slope protection by artificial constructed can effectively improve the slope erosion resistance,the maximum impact velocity of the environmental protection grass blanket mixed slope protection is 5 m·s^(-1),the cumulative impact duration is about 9 h.