不同种源华重楼主要生物活性成分地理变异及其相关性分析

Geographical Variation and Correlation Analysis of the Main Bioactive Components of Paris polyphylla from Different Provenances

[目的]阐明华重楼主要药用成分的地理变异规律,为华重楼种质资源利用和原料林基地选址提供科学依据。[方法]以我国8省份10个种源华重楼为材料,对其根茎总酚酸、总黄酮、重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ含量进行了测定、分析。[结果]不同地理种源间华重楼根茎总酚酸、总黄酮、重楼Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ含量差异均达极显著水平。不同种源华重楼根茎中总酚酸含量变异幅度为1.718~5.436 mg·g^(−1);总黄酮含量变异幅度为0.780~1.457 mg·g^(−1);重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ含量变异幅度为0.008~2.106、0.000~0.646 mg·g^(−1)、0.000~0.521和0.000~9.170 mg·g^(−1);华重楼根茎中总酚酸含量与原产地海拔、皂苷Ⅱ与1月均温呈中度正相关关系,总黄酮含量与全年日照时数、皂苷Ⅶ与海拔呈中度负相关关系。总皂苷与海拔间呈高度负相关关系,皂苷Ⅱ与年均温、皂苷Ⅵ与7月均温间均呈高度正相关关系;华重楼根茎中总酚酸与总黄酮含量、总黄酮与皂苷Ⅰ含量、皂苷Ⅰ与皂苷Ⅱ含量呈中度正相关关系,总皂苷与皂苷Ⅶ含量呈高度正相关关系。聚类分析表明,10个种源可以划分为3个类群,低酚酸、低黄酮和高皂苷类群,高酚酸、高黄酮、低皂苷类群和中酚酸、中黄酮、中皂苷类群。[结论]广西桂林为高酚酸和高黄酮优良种源,安徽祁门为高皂苷优良种源。

[Objective] To clarify the geographical variation of main medicinal components of Paris polyphylla, and provide data for the utilization of germplasm resources and site selection of raw material forest base of P. polyphylla.[Method] The contents of total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, saponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ in rhizomes of 10 P. polyphylla provenances from 8 provinces of China were determined and analyzed. [Result] There were significant differences in the contents of total phenolic acid, total flavonoids, saponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ in rhizomes among these provenances. The variation range of total phenolic acid content in rhizomes among provenances was 1.718-5.436 mg·g-1;the variation range of total flavone content was 0.780-1.457 mg·g-1;the variation ranges of contents of saponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ were 0.008-2.106 mg·g-1, 0.000-0.646 mg·g-1, 0.000-0.521 mg·g-1, and 0.000-9.170 mg·g-1. The content of total phenolic acid in rhizome of P. polyphylla was positively correlated with the altitude of origin, the content of saponin Ⅱ was positively correlated with the average temperature of January, and the content of total flavone was negatively correlated with the sunshine hours of the whole year, and the content of saponin Ⅶ was negatively correlated with the altitude. There was a highly negative correlation between total saponin and altitude, a highly positive correlation between saponin Ⅱ and annual average temperature, a highly positive correlation between saponin Ⅵ and the average temperature in July, a moderate positive correlation between total phenolic acid and total flavone content, between total flavone and saponin Ⅰ content, between saponin Ⅰ and saponin Ⅱ content, a highly positive correlation between total saponin and saponin Ⅶ content. Cluster analysis showed that the 10 provenances could be divided into three groups: low phenolic acid, low flavone and high saponin groups, high phenolic acid, high flavone, low saponin groups and middle phenolic acid, middle flavone and middle saponin groups. [Conclusion] The provenance from Guilin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is a elite provenance with high phenolic acid and high flavone, and the provenance from Qimen of Anhui Province is a elite provenance with high saponins.