高压下氢基高温超导体研究的新进展

New Developments of Hydrogen-Based High-Temperature Superconductors under High Pressure

富氢材料被认为是室温超导体的最佳候选体系,是物理学、材料科学等多学科的热点研究领域之一。理论和实验研究发现的新型共价氢化物H3S和笼状氢化物LaH10的超导转变温度(T_(c))均超过200 K,进一步推动了对富氢化合物超导电性的探索。最近,通过高压实验合成的碳质硫氢化物在288 K的室温下实现了零电阻,让人们看到了室温超导的曙光。本文结合课题组在此领域的主要成果,介绍了3类典型富氢化合物的结构及超导特性,包括近期首次在层状氢化物中发现的具有类五角石墨烯结构的富氢超导体HfH_(10),其超导转变温度高达213~234 K。

Hydrogen-rich materials are considered to be the most potential candidates for room-temperature superconductors,yielding a research hotspot in physics,material science and so on.Remarkably,the new covalent hydride H3S and clathrate like LaH10,exhibit record high superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))above 200 K both found theoretically and experimentally,which further promotes the study on the superconductivity of hydrogen-rich compounds.Very recently,the successful experimental discovery of high-temperature superconductivity at 288 K in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride system at high pressure shows the light for achieving room-temperature superconductors.In this paper,we introduce the structures and superconductivities of three typical hydrogen-rich compounds,including HfH_(10),a"pentagraphenelike"superconductor exhibiting an extraordinarily high Tc of around 213–234 K at 250 GPa,which was recently discovered for the first time in layered structure hydrides.