我国南美白对虾不同养殖模式全要素生产率分析

Total factor productivity analysis of Penaeus vannamei under different breeding mode in China

基于2016-2019年南美白对虾不同养殖模式非平衡面板微观调研数据,运用Malmquist指数分析法对工厂化、土塘及高位池养殖模式全要素生产率进行测算,分析全要素生产率的时序变动及其内在影响机理。结果表明,工厂化模式全要素生产率年均上升4.3%,年际波动巨大;土塘模式全要素生产率年均下降2.9%,年际波动较小;高位池模式全要素生产率年均下滑4.1%,下滑幅度不断加大;影响对虾养殖全要素生产率提升的原因主要是科创能力不足、生产管理落后、市场风险制约、政府监管缺位等。基于此,提出了提高对虾产业科技水平、强化人才培育机制、加大产业支持力度、优化政策扶持方式等建议。

Based on the unbalanced panel micro-survey data of different breeding modes of Penaeus vannamei from 2016 to 2019,this paper uses the Malmquist index analysis method to measure the total factor productivity of soil ponds,industrialized and high-level pond cultivation models,and it analyzes the time-series changes of total factor productivity,and its internal influence mechanism.The results show that the total factor productivity of the industrialized model has increased by 4.3%per year,with huge inter-annual fluctuations.The total factor productivity of the soil pond model has decreased by 2.9%per year,with small inter-annual fluctuations.The total factor productivity of the high pool model has fallen by 4.1%per year,and the decline rate is increasing.The factors affecting the increase in total factor productivity of shrimp farming mainly include insufficient scientific and technological innovation capabilities,backward production management,market risk constraints,and lack of government supervision.It is suggested to improve the scientific and technological level of the shrimp industry,strengthen the personnel training mechanism,increase industrial support,and optimize policy support methods.