常压干燥制备酚醛树脂基炭气凝胶研究进展

Research Progress in the Preparation of Phenolic Resin Based Carbon Aerogels via Ambient Pressure Drying

以间苯二酚-甲醛为代表的酚醛树脂基炭气凝胶是一种轻质、多孔、非晶态的纳米炭材料,在催化、吸附、电化学和隔热等领域中有广阔的应用前景。但是复杂且高成本的超临界干燥工艺极大地限制了炭气凝胶的工业化制备及其应用,因此常压干燥工艺成为目前研究最为广泛的炭气凝胶制备技术之一。本文综述了酚醛树脂基炭气凝胶常压干燥制备过程的四种结构调控方法:调控溶胶-凝胶反应参数、添加模板法、纤维增强法和添加剂法,并对不同结构调控方法所制材料的结构特性及其制备过程优缺点进行了总结。最后对其发展前景进行了展望。

Phenolic resin based carbon aerogels typically represented by resorcinol-formaldehyde are a kind of lightweight,porous and amorphous carbon nanomaterials with broad applications in the field of catalysis,adsorption,electrochemistry and thermal insulation.However,the complex and high-cost supercritical drying process greatly restricts the industrial preparation and application of carbon aerogels,thus ambient pressure drying process has become one of the most widely studied technologies for preparing carbon aerogels.In this paper,four structure control methods for the preparation of phenolic resin based carbon aerogels by ambient pressure drying are reviewed,including control of sol-gel reaction parameters,adding templates method,fiber reinforcement method and additives method.The structural characteristics of materials obtained by these methods and the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation process are also summarized.Finally,the future development is prospected.