信用修复的权利属性、发展路径及权利构造

Right attribute,development path and right structure of credit repair

信用修复制度的产生源于信用本身的公共效应,失信联合惩戒的强大权威决定了必须有对应的抵抗权。信用修复在初期产生过程中曾反复受到秩序价值和权力要素的多重影响,其实然表征呈现权力优位的特点,而其应然属性富含“权利保障+利益维护”的元素。信用修复的权利属性倾向于程序权,信用修复的属性回归决定了其发展路径。信用修复的实体目标既包括信誉利益乃至名誉权的权益恢复,也包括民事行为能力与人格方面的资格恢复。信用修复的深层底座是生态修复和价值导向,群体信用生态的基础必然是个人信用生态,与价值导向相悖的制度设计必须得到清除。清除失信联合惩戒的现实与潜在影响,将失信人纳入“行政相对人—行政主体”的法律关系主体架构,权利运行上的定档分级与有效分流,并结合权利训练与修复市场化,最终完成信用修复的权利结构再造。

The emergence of credit repair system stems from the public effect of credit itself.The powerful authority of joint punishment for breach of credit determines that there must be corresponding right of resistance.In the initial stage of credit repair,it was repeatedly affected by the value of order and the elements of power.In fact,it shows the characteristics of power superiority,and its natural attribute is rich in the elements of“right safeguarding+interest maintenance”.The right attribute of credit repair tends to be procedural right.The return of credit repair attribute determines its development path.The substantive goal of credit repair includes not only the repair of reputation interests and reputation rights,but also the qualification restoration of civil capacity and personality.The deep base of credit repair is ecological repair and value orientation.The foundation of group credit ecology must be individual credit ecology,and the system design of value orientation must be eliminated.We should eliminate the reality and potential impact of the joint punishment for breach of credit,bring it into the legal relationship subject structure of“administrative counterpart—administrative subject”,classify and effectively distribute the rights in the operation,and combine the right training and the marketization of repair,and finally complete the reconstruction of the right structure of credit repair.