草原区公益林生态效益补偿机制对农牧民的影响——以内蒙古包头市达茂旗为例

Effect of the compensation mechanism of ecological benefit of public welfare forest on farmers and herdsmen in grassland areas:taking Darhan Muming’s Joint Banner,Baotou,Inner Mongolia as an example

生态治理与区域百姓脱贫致富密切相关,是形成区域生态与经济良性循环的根本出路。生态公益林建设与生态效益补偿机制的实施,对调整产业结构、增加当地农牧民就业机会、增加农牧民收入、转移剩余劳动力将起到一定的作用。文章通过收集2006—2016年达尔罕茂明安联合旗公益林生态补偿数据以及农村牧区居民入户调查等方法,对公益林生态效益补偿对农牧民生产生活的影响进行分析。分析表明,公益林生态效益补偿机制的实施对享受补偿的农牧民的生产生活方式影响明显,尤其是以牧业为主的地区,公益林补偿资金在家庭收入构成中占有重要地位;面对目前农村牧区劳动力不足的情况,公益林补偿资金的发放对农牧民生活方式产生了较大影响;通过公益林建设与保护成果的显现,农村牧区居民对区域生态环境的满意度与生态保护意识均有所提高。

Ecological governance is closely related to people’s getting rid of poverty and becoming rich,which is the fundamental way to form a benign cycle of regional ecology and economy.The construction of ecological public welfare forest and the implementation of ecological benefit compensation mechanism will play a certain role in adjusting industrial structure,increasing employment opportunities of local farmers and herdsmen,increasing income of farmers and herdsmen and transferring surplus labor force.Through collecting the data of ecological compensation of public welfare forest in Darhan Muming’an Joint Banner from 2006 to 2016,and investigating the residents in rural pastoral area,the influence of ecological compensation of public welfare forest on the production and life of farmers and herdsmen is analyzed.The analysis shows that the implementation of compensation mechanism of ecological benefits of public welfare forest has obvious influence on the production and life style of farmers and herdsmen who enjoy compensation,especially in the region where the animal husbandry is the main part,the compensation fund of public welfare forest occupies an important position in the family income constitution.In view of the shortage of labor force in rural pastoral areas,the distribution of compensation fund for public welfare forest has a great influence on the life style of farmers and herdsmen.Through the public welfare forest construction and the protection results,the regional ecological environment satisfaction and ecological protection awareness of the rural pastoral area residents has been improved.