扶贫过渡阶段老年人多维贫困的测度与分解——基于三期CLHLS数据的实证研究

Measurement and Decomposition of Multidimensional Poverty of the Elderly in the Transitional Stage of Poverty Alleviation——An Empirical Study based on Three Periods of CLHLS Data

截至2020年我国现行标准下的绝对贫困问题得到了历史性解决,后减贫时代中扶贫工作重点将转为缓解相对贫困。后减贫时代的初期应被界定为扶贫过渡阶段,在这一阶段内,扶贫的标准不能大跨步彻底放弃绝对性指标,而应该综合考虑将相对性指标纳入贫困测度中,更关注贫困的多维性,应在扶贫实践中逐步建立以收入为核心,根据不同主体选择不同指标的多维贫困标准。根据2011-2018年三期CLHLS数据分析得出:在扶贫过渡阶段,绝对性指标在多维贫困指数中的贡献率下降,但是收入贫困识别标准的转变不能一蹴而就;相对性指标在多维贫困指数中的贡献率上升,尤其应更加关注养老保险、健康受损状况、社会活动参与等;城乡差距已然缩小,但是农村的相对贫困问题仍然是政策关注的重点。

In 2020,the problem of absolute poverty under China's current standards has been solved historically,and the poverty alleviation work in the post poverty reduction era will turn to alleviate relative poverty.This paper holds that the early stage of post poverty reduction era should be defined as the transitional stage of poverty alleviation.In this stage,the criteria of poverty alleviation should not give up absolute indicators completely,but also take relative indicators into account in poverty measurement,pay more attention to the multidimensional nature of poverty,and gradually establish the poverty alleviation model with income as the core and choose different indicators according to different subjects Multidimensional poverty standard.On this basis,according to the three periods of CLHLS data analysis from 2011 to 2018,it is concluded that in the transitional stage of poverty alleviation,the contribution rate of absolute indicators in the multi-dimensional poverty index decreases,but the change of income poverty identification standard cannot be achieved overnight;the contribution rate of relative indicators in the multi-dimensional poverty index increases,especially endowment insurance,health damage,social activity participation,etc.However,the relative poverty in rural areas should still be the focus of policy.