生物多样性保护优先区生态网络构建与优化——以太行山片区为例

The Eco-network Construction and Optimization in Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area——A Case Study of the Taihang Mountain Area

生物多样性保护优先区是重要物种的栖息地,是生物多样性保护工作的重点区域。基于生态学“源”“汇”理论,提取2000-2016年生态系统转移变化较小、生境质量较好的生态斑块和各类自然保护地作为生态源地,采用最小累积阻力模型构建研究区潜在生态廊道,并进行连通性评价,提出生态网络优化方案。结果表明,林地、灌丛是该区域物种迁移和扩散过程中起主导连接作用的景观类型,占生态廊道面积比例的63.9%,其次是草地,占生态廊道面积比例的13.87%;潜在生态网络结构连接度较高,但部分廊道结构较复杂,冗余性较高;通过重力模型优先选择相互作用力>5的生态廊道,并提取出32个生态断裂点和28个“暂栖息地”,最终提出保护生态源地、分级生态廊道、规划暂栖息地和修复生态断裂点等生态网络优化对策,研究结果可为太行山优先区-太行山片区生物多样性保护提供科学方法和建议。

The priority conservation area of biodiversity is the habitat for important species,and the key area for biodiversity conservation.Based on the“source”and“sink”theories of ecology,this study extracted the ecological patches,which presented little changes in ecosystem transform and high habitat quality,and national nature reserves,whose land cover were stable during 2000 to 2016,as ecological source areas in the Taihang Mountain area.Then minimum cumulative resistance model was used to build potential ecological corridor in the study area,to analyze the interaction force between the ecological source areas,and to evaluate the connectivity.Finally,an ecological network optimization recommendation was proposed.The results showed that the forest land and shrub were the landscape types that played leading roles in the process of species migration and spread in this area,accounting for 63.9%of the potential ecological corridor area,followed by grassland,accounting for 13.87%.The eco-network was highly connected.Nevertheless,some corridor structures were complex and redundant.We extracted 32 ecological breakpoints and 28 temporary habitats,and gave advices on ecological network optimization strategies,such as ecological source areas protection,ecological corridor classification,temporary habitat construction,and ecological breakpoint restoration.This research could provide references for biodiversity conservation in the Taihang Mountain priority conservation area of biodiversity.