环境规制对水资源绿色绩效影响的双重效应

Double Effects of Environmental Regulation on Water Resources’ Green Efficiency

环境规制对水资源效率的影响是符合"遵循成本说"还是"效率提高说"至今尚无定论。采用改进的非角度、非径向的超效率SBM模型度量我国30个省域2008—2017年的水资源绿色绩效,通过建立模型分析环境规制对水资源绿色绩效的影响,并进一步使用门槛回归技术实证分析,研究发现:(1)我国水资源绿色绩效均值完成0.860,尚存在较大的改进空间,各省份的水资源绿色绩效表现出显著的区域异质性;(2)随着区域经济发展水平提高、环境规制强度增加,环境规制对水资源绿色绩效的影响呈现"正向溢出效应"转变为"负向溢出效应";(3)外商投资和城镇化与水资源绿色绩效正相关,人口素质、产业结构、工业用水比重、水资源禀赋与水资源绿色绩效均负相关,科技投入在两个模型中的回归结果表现不同。建议各省份不要一味关注经济发展而忽略对环境的影响,将水资源利用、经济发展和生态环境保护有机结合起来,减少水资源的投入和废水的排放,建立良好的绿色用水机制,保持中国水资源利用效率的提高和经济社会的可持续发展。

Whether the influence of environmental regulation on water resource efficiency conforms to "compliance cost theory" or "efficiency increase theory" has not been decided yet.This thesis uses an improved non-angular and non-radial super-efficiency SBM model to measure the water resources’ green efficiency in 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017.Through establishing the model, this thesis analyzes the influence of environmental regulation on water resources’ green efficiency, and then uses the threshold regression technology to do empirical analysis.The results show that:(1) the average value of green water resources’ efficiency in China is 0.860,and there is still much room for improvement.The efficiency of green water resources in various provinces shows significant regional heterogeneity.(2) With the development of regional economy and the increase of environmental regulation intensity, the influence of environmental regulation on water resources’ green efficiency shows the transformation from "positive overflow effect" to "negative overflow effect".(3) foreign investment and urbanization are positively correlated with green water resources’ efficiency, while population quality, industrial structure, proportion of industrial water use, and water resources endowment are negatively correlated with green water resources’ efficiency.The regression results of scientific and technological input in the two models are different.In this article, it is suggested that the provinces shouldn’t only pay attention to the improvement of economic development and neglect the impact on environment.All the provinces should organically combine water resources utilization, economy development and ecological environment protection, decrease the input of water resource and the discharge of waste water, establish the green water usage system, and maintain the improvement of Chinese water resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development of the economy and society in China.