元明清时期河南境内大运河的延续与衰落

Continuation and Decline of the Grand Canal in Henan During the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties

唐宋以前,河南境内的大运河是中国大运河的源头和主干,具有极其重要的历史地位和作用。元明清时期河南境内的大运河已经退出主导地位,成为京杭大运河的辅助通道。这一时期河南境内的大运河有黄河以北的卫河和黄河以南的贾鲁河,贯通南北的贾鲁河和卫河为其沿岸城镇经济的快速发展提供了得天独厚的条件,催生出了诸如朱仙镇、周家口、道口镇等全国名镇,在南北物资交流中发挥着极其重要的作用。但因国家政治中心移出了黄河流域,漕粮很少绕道中原,加之黄河水患严重以及新式交通的兴起,河南大运河逐渐衰落,直接影响到了沿岸城镇经济的发展。

Before Tang and Song dynasty, the grand canal in Henan province was the source and main part of China’s grand canal, and it had an extremely important historical position and role.During Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty, the grand canal in Henan province withdrew from its dominant position and became an auxiliary channel for the Beijing-Hangzhou grand canal.In this period, the grand canal in Henan included the Wei River to the north of the Yellow River and the JialuRiver to the south of the Yellow River.The JialuRiver and the Wei River, which ran through the north and south, provided unique conditions for the rapid economic development of the cities and towns along its bank, and some famous towns in China, such as Zhuxian town, Zhoujiakou and Daokou town etc.,came into being in this period, which played a very important role in the exchange of materials between the north and the south.However, the national political center moved out of the Yellow River basin, and the rice transported to the capital rarely went through the central plain.In addition, the flooding of the Yellow River was serious and new kinds of transportation arose.Then Henan grand canal gradually declined, which directly affected the economic development of cities and towns along its bank.