分离原则与抽象原则在债权让与制度中之显现——以债权二重让与为分析中心

Emergence of the Separation Principle and the Abstraction Principle in the Cession System of Obligatory Right

债权让与制度的产生源自债权非人格化而非债权物权化,债权让与在性质上应采处分行为说。《民法典》第546条在解释论上可采分离原则与让与主义。抽象原则在证券化债权中得到立法承认,普通债权让与中并未被立法采纳。让与主义严格而言不是债权让与的公示方法,处分行为说、分离原则、抽象原则、让与主义与登记制度相契合,贯穿债权让与制度始终,是解决以债权二重让与为代表的复杂问题的有效工具。登记制度是最有效能的公示方法。基于统一登记在我国的建构,债权让与登记制度乃大势所趋,其与债权让与的分离原则与抽象原则相契合,能达成在债物二分体例下的逻辑圆融与体系自洽。

The cession system of obligatory right results from the impersonalization of obligatory right rather than obligatory right in rem. The cession of obligatory right should apply the doctrine of "the act of disposition" in nature. The separation principle and the doctrine of assignment should be adopted to interpret the Article 546 of the Civil Code. The abstraction principle is legally confirmed in securitized bonds, but not adopted in cession of ordinary bonds. Strictly speaking, the doctrine of assignment is not a way of notice of cession of the obligatory right. Theories, like the doctrine of "the act of disposition", the separation principle, the abstraction principle and the doctrine of assignment, match with the registration system, run through the whole system of cession of the obligatory right, are effective tools to solve complicated problems such as dual cession of the obligatory right. The registration system is the most efficient way of demonstration. Upon the construction of the registration system in our country, the registration system of the assignment of the obligatory right will be inevitably established, and will achieve logical reasonableness and self-consistence in the system of the rights of obligation and property, in accordance with the separation principle and abstraction principle of cession of the obligatory right.