“项目扶贫”:逻辑、悖论与出路

"Project Poverty Alleviation":Logic,Paradox and Way Out

“项目扶贫”是当前贫困治理的主要手段,其理想逻辑是以“项目制”为核心技术治理,强调程序化、标准化和专业化,体现政府对行政“合理性”的追求。但在实践中,“项目扶贫”存在着瞄准失效、程序烦琐、成本过高等多种矛盾,有时效果并不理想。究其原因,在于“项目制”本身存在不确定性,必须嵌入到传统科层制才能实施,很容易陷入悖论和路径依赖,最终走向了技术治理的对立面。C县溪东村通过调整“折股量化”的行动策略,绕开了“项目制”的重重壁垒,大大降低了“项目扶贫”的技术和时间成本,溪东实践触及了“项目扶贫”问题,具有一定的借鉴意义,但目前仍属于边际性改革,倘若进行更系统、彻底地改造,可期待形成实质性的制度创新。

"Project poverty alleviation"is the main method of current poverty governance.Its ideal logic is taking"project system"as the core technology governance,emphasizing routinization,standardization and specialization,reflecting the government's pursuit of administrative"rationality".However,in practice,"project poverty alleviation"has many contradictions,such as invalid targeting,cumbersome procedures and high costs,with unsatisfactory effects.The reason is that the"project system"itself has uncertainties and must be embedded in the traditional bureaucracy to implement it.It is easy to fall into paradoxes and path dependence,which eventually moves towards the opposite of technological governance.Xidong Village of C County has bypassed the barriers of the“project system”by adjusting the action strategy of“quantitative share conversion”and greatly reduced the technical and time costs of“project poverty alleviation”.Xidong’s practice,which touched upon the deep-level issues of“project poverty alleviation”,has certain reference significance,but is still part of marginal reform.If a more systematic and thorough reform is carried out,substantial institutional innovation can be expected.