供需视角下城市地域扩张的逻辑框架构建——兼论贵州城市地域扩张

Construction of Logical Framework for Urban Area Expansions from the Perspective of Supply and Demand and its Application in Guizhou

城市经济的加速发展和人口向城市的快速集聚共同推动城市地域的空间范围不断外延。城市地域扩张是城市用地需求增长在地理空间上的反映,但是学界对于用地需求增长的本质原因并未建立系统性的解释框架。本文以城市经济基础理论为依据,从供给与需求视角构建了解释城市地域扩张的逻辑框架。该框架的思路是外部需求促进了城市基本部分发展,从而推动了经济增长与城镇化进程,并吸引市域内乡村与市域外的人口不断向城市中心城区集聚,进而促进城市非基本部分(内部需求)的不断壮大。因为人口规模的扩大与城市经济的增长是以地域空间作为载体,所以为满足城市非基本部分扩大与基本部分引发的城市经济增长共同带来的城市建设用地需求增加,城市地域的空间范围会向外扩张。基于逻辑框架的4个基本条件,本文进一步探讨了贵州省的城市地域扩张,并提出了两方面的扩张对策。一方面,加快贵州省的城市经济增长,吸引人口向城区集聚,推动产业和基础设施等城市基本部分与非基本部分用地规模的扩大;另一方面,随着贵州城镇化推进与经济增长,需通过增加地级市、扩充市辖区和减少县级单元优化行政区划为城市地域扩张提供必要的地理空间。从省域尺度看,经济增长与人口集聚共同促进用地需求增加,从而推动城市地域空间范围向外拓展有其必然性。然而,不同尺度的镇、县、市等城镇地域对人口的引力具有差异,吸引人口集聚的城市会出现地域扩张,反之则不扩张。

The accelerated development of city economy and the rapid agglomeration of population to city jointly promote the extension of urban areas.Urban area expansions are reflected by the growth of city land demands in the geographical space.However,the academic community does not have a well-established systematic explanation framework for the essential reason of the growth of land demands.Therefore,in this work,based on the urban economy basic theory,we construct a logical framework to explain urban area expansion from the perspective of supply and demand.This framework holds that the external demand promotes the development of urban basic parts,which promotes the economic growth and urbanization process.Then,economic developments will attract the population from villages to the city and outskirts,which will in return promote the expansion of non-basic parts.Because the expansion of the population scale and urban economic growth are both based on area space as the carrier,in order to meet the increasing demand of urban construction lands caused by both the expansion of urban non-basic parts and urban economic growth caused by basic parts,the spatial scope of urban areas will expand outwards.Based on the four basic conditions of the logical framework,this article further discusses the urban area expansion in Guizhou,and puts forward two countermeasures about its expansion.On the one hand,we should speed up the urban economic growth in Guizhou,which will help to attract population to urban areas,thus promoting the expansion of the land use scale on both basic and non basic parts of the city such as industry and infrastructure.On the other hand,with the urbanization process and economic growth in Guizhou,it is necessary to optimize the administrative division by increasing the number of prefecture-level cities,expanding the number of municipal districts and reducing the number of county-level units,which will help provide the necessary geographic space for urban area expansions.From the provincial level,it is inevitable that economic growth and population agglomeration jointly promote the outward expansion of the urban area space.However,there are differences in the attraction of population in towns,counties and cities with different scales.Cities that attract population will expand,but others will not.